The age‐related immunity in cattle to <i>Babesia bovis</i> infection involves the rapid induction of interleukin‐12, interferon‐γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the spleen

Goff, Will L.; Johnson, Wendell C.; Parish, Steven M.; Barrington, George M.; Tuo, Wenbin; Valdez, Reginald

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00402.x

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…B cells and macrophages showed a peak in expression of this cytokine only 2 days later. This finding is interesting because the cytokine milieu generated by the APCs at the time of antigen presentation significantly influences the T-helper bias of the subsequent T-cell response, as presentation of an antigen within the context of a Th1 cytokine favors a Th1 CD4 ϩ response (10,12). The expression of IFN-␥ by DCs (which has previously been observed in other contexts [11,22]) may be particularly important in malaria for this reason.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Response of the Splenic Dendritic Cell Population to Malaria Infection

et al. 2004

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Dendritic cells, particularly those residing in the spleen, are thought to orchestrate acquired immunity to malaria, but it is not known how the splenic dendritic cell population responds to malaria infection and how this response compares with the responses of other antigen-presenting cells. We investigated this question for Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in C57BL/6 mice. We found that dendritic cells, defined here by the CD11c marker, migrated from the marginal zone of the spleen into the CD4 ؉ T-cell area within 5 days after parasites entered the bloodstream. This contrasted with the results observed for the macrophage and B-cell populations, which expanded greatly but did not show any comparable migration. Over the same time period dendritic cells showed upregulation of CD40, CD54, and CD86 costimulatory molecules that are required for successful T-cell activation. In dendritic cells, the peak intracellular gamma interferon expression (as shown by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting) was on day 5, 2 days earlier than the peak expression in B-cells or macrophages. These findings show that splenic dendritic cells are actively engaged in the earliest phase of malarial infection in vivo and are likely to be critical in shaping the subsequent immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Response of the Splenic Dendritic Cell Population to Malaria Infection

et al. 2004

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“…There is an age-related immunity to primary infection of cattle with B. bovis and B. bigemina (Riek 1963). Young calves exhibit a strong innate immunity compared to adult cattle (Trueman and Blight 1978;Goff et al 2001). The infection rate in animals is at 6-12 months of age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia bigemina infection in a 14-day old Jersey crossbred calf: a case report

Venu

Sailaja²,

Rao

et al. 2013

J Parasit Dis

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Babesia bigemina infection was diagnosed in a 14-day old Jersey female calf. The infected calf showed clinical symptoms of high fever, increased respiratory rate, pale conjunctival mucous membrane and haemoglobinuria. Blood smears were prepared and subjected for Giemsas staining method. Microscopic examination of the stained blood smear confirmed the characteristic intra-erythrocytic B. bigemina organisms.

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“…The disease is caused by the tick-borne apicomplexan protozoon Babesia bovis and is characterized by anemia, fever, and, in severe cases, multiorgan failure resulting in death. Young calves are relatively resistant to severe disease and have the potential to recover but remain persistent carriers with no clinical signs of disease (8,18). While parasite levels in the persistent state are often undetectable (4)(5)(6), ticks may still be capable of acquiring infection from these animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistently Infected Calves as Reservoirs for Acquisition and Transovarial Transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus

et al. 2007

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Babesia bovis is a deadly disease of cattle resulting in severe economic losses in the vast regions of the world where it is endemic. If reintroduced into the United States, babesiosis would cause significant mortality in the naïve cattle population. In order to address the risk to U.S. cattle, it is essential to quantify the transovarial transmission efficiency in adult female Boophilus microplus ticks following acquisition feeding on persistently infected cattle. This study tested the hypothesis that infection rates are the same for larval progeny derived from females fed to repletion during persistent or acute infection. Increasing parasite levels during acute infection correlated with an increasing number of females harboring kinetes detectable in hemolymph (r ‫؍‬ 0.9). The percent infected larvae ranged from 0 to 20% when derived from females fed to repletion on persistently infected calves and from 4 to 6% when derived from females fed to repletion during acute parasitemia. There was no significant difference in infection rates of larval progeny, implying that the risk associated with the introduction of either persistently infected or acutely infected cattle is equal. Parasite levels ranged from 2.4 ؋ 10 2 to 1.9 ؋ 10 5 in 3-day-fed larvae derived from females fed to repletion on persistently infected cattle. One group of larvae failed to transmit the parasite, suggesting that a threshold level of parasites must be obtained by larval progeny via transovarial transmission in order for larvae to deliver sufficient parasites to infect a naïve host.

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The age‐related immunity in cattle to Babesia bovis infection involves the rapid induction of interleukin‐12, interferon‐γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the spleen

Cited by 63 publications

References 57 publications

Response of the Splenic Dendritic Cell Population to Malaria Infection

Response of the Splenic Dendritic Cell Population to Malaria Infection

Babesia bigemina infection in a 14-day old Jersey crossbred calf: a case report

Persistently Infected Calves as Reservoirs for Acquisition and Transovarial Transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus

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