The aged brain: genesis and fate of residual progenitor cells in the subventricular zone

Capilla-González, Vivian; Herranz-Pérez, Vicente; García‐Verdugo, José Manuel

doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00365

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…In infants there was evidence of neurogenesis with transit‐amplifier cells (Ki67 + /DCX + /EGFR + and Ki67 + /DCX − /EGFR + ) and neuroblasts (Ki67 + /DCX + /beta III tubulin + ) in both niches consistent with previous studies as well as oligodendrogenesis with Ki67 + /DCX +/− /Olig2 + cells . GFAP was also expected to co‐localize with Ki67 in the neurogenic niches due to the likely presence of both the GFAP‐δ + type B (neural stem) cells and newborn astrocytes . The lack of co‐localization may be partially explained by a largely quiescent neural stem cell population at the ages we examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study

Dennis

Suh

Rodriguez

et al. 2016

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

227

170

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Aims Neurogenesis in the postnatal human brain occurs in two neurogenic niches; the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the wall of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus (SGZ). The extent to which this physiological process continues into adulthood is an area of ongoing research. This study aimed to characterise markers of cell proliferation and assess the efficacy of antibodies used to identify neurogenesis in both neurogenic niches of the human brain. Methods Cell proliferation and neurogenesis were simultaneously examined in the SVZ and SGZ of 23 individuals aged 0.2–59 years using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in combination with unbiased stereology. Results There was a marked decline in proliferating cells in both neurogenic niches in early infancy with levels reaching those seen in the adjacent parenchyma by four and one year of age, in the SVZ and SGZ, respectively. Furthermore, the phenotype of these proliferating cells in both niches changed with age. In infants, proliferating cells co-expressed neural progenitor (epidermal growth factor receptor), immature neuronal (doublecortin and beta III tubulin) and oligodendrocytic (Olig2) markers. However, after three years of age, microglia were the only proliferating cells found in either niche or in the adjacent parenchyma. Conclusions This study demonstrates a marked decline in neurogenesis in both neurogenic niches in early childhood, and that the sparse proliferating cells in the adult brain are largely microglia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study

Dennis

Suh

Rodriguez

et al. 2016

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

227

170

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“…We found that the emerged multiciliated cells contain dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and many vacuoles. These cells also showed typical characteristics of multiciliated ependymal cells in mammals such as a cubic cell body and abundant mitochondria in their apical domain (Doetsch et al, ; Mirzadeh et al, ; Capilla‐Gonzalez et al, , ). These results suggest that the ependymal cells of aged fish and mice share several features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of multiciliated ependymal cells that emerge in the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish brain

Ogino

Sawada

Takase

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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In mammals, ventricular walls of the developing brain maintain a neurogenic niche, in which radial glial cells act as neural stem cells (NSCs) and generate new neurons in the embryo. In the adult brain, the neurogenic niche is maintained in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral wall of lateral ventricles and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In the neonatal V-SVZ, radial glial cells transform into astrocytic postnatal NSCs and multiciliated ependymal cells. On the other hand, in zebrafish, radial glial cells continue to cover the surface of the adult telencephalic ventricle and maintain a higher neurogenic potential in the adult brain. However, the cell composition of the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish brain has not been investigated. Here we show that multiciliated ependymal cells emerge in the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish telencephalon. These multiciliated cells appear predominantly in the dorsal part of the ventral telencephalic ventricular zone, which also contains clusters of migrating new neurons. Scanning electron microscopy and live imaging analyses indicated that these multiple cilia beat coordinately and generate constant fluid flow within the ventral telencephalic ventricle. Analysis of the cell composition by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the neurogenic niche in the aged zebrafish contains different types of cells, with ultrastructures similar to those of ependymal cells, transit-amplifying cells, and migrating new neurons in postnatal mice. These data suggest that the transformation capacity of radial glial cells is conserved but that its timing is different between fish and mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2982-2992, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Thus, TH availability determines opposing effects of TH‐dependent NPC and OPC commitment in the adult SVZ. Interestingly, the fate of newly generated neural cells changes with ageing: neurogenesis declines whereas oligodendrogenesis is preserved . Moreover, low circulating THs are a typical feature of normal ageing .…”

Section: Thyroid Hormones Regulate Nsc Fate In the Adult Mammalian Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing

et al. 2019

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In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro-and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro-and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species. cell fate, development, evo-devo, metabolism, mitochondria, neural stem cell, thyroid hormone This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. K E Y W O R D S

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The aged brain: genesis and fate of residual progenitor cells in the subventricular zone

Cited by 71 publications

References 133 publications

Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study

Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study

Characterization of multiciliated ependymal cells that emerge in the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish brain

Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing

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