“…Understanding nanoparticle aggregation in the aqueous environment is critical for assessing the fate, transport and toxicity of nanomaterials [5] . Studies conducted in different aqueous media, including synthetic matrices [6] – [16] , natural waters [17] , [18] , and culture media [19] , [20] have indicate that pH, ionic strength [7] , [9] – [11] , nanoparticle concentration [10] , and natural organic matter [6] , [8] affect nanoparticle aggregation. However, questions such as how the sintered structure and the presence of clay minerals affect the aggregation process remain to be answered.…”