The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

Bosco, Nabil; Noti, Mario

doi:10.1038/s41435-021-00126-8

Cited by 233 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…During aging, the gut microbiota composition decreases in diversity and stability (42). It has been postulated that these changes may evoke hyperstimulation of the immune system resulting in persistent, low-grade inflammation (43), referred to as "inflammaging" (4), a phenomenon observed in the elderly. In addition, decreased immune function, or 'immunosenescence', is a hallmark of aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immunological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Emerging evidence suggests that both central and peripheral immunological processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. The gut microbiota and its key metabolites are known to affect neuroinflammation by modulating the activity of peripheral and brain-resident immune cells, yet an overview on how the gut microbiota contribute to immunological alterations in AD is lacking. In this review, we discuss current literature on microbiota composition in AD patients and relevant animal models. Next, we highlight how microbiota and their metabolites may contribute to peripheral and central immunological changes in AD. Finally, we offer a future perspective on the translation of these findings into clinical practice by targeting gut microbiota to modulate inflammation in AD. Since we find that gut microbiota alterations in AD can induce peripheral and central immunological changes via the release of microbial metabolites, we propose that modulating their composition may alter ongoing inflammation and could therefore be a promising future strategy to fight progression of AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, decreased immune function, or 'immunosenescence', is a hallmark of aging. Both inflammaging and immunosenescence contribute to aging of the peripheral immune system, which is associated with higher susceptibility to infection, increased risk of autoimmune diseases and impaired cognitive function (4,43).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immunological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…The study showed that there was a significant difference in the mean age between PA patients and primary hypertension patients. Several studies have revealed that age is a factor influencing the gut microbiota (41)(42)(43)(44). As people age, key changes in gut microbiota include compositional instability, reduced overall diversity, and an increase in proinflammatory opportunistic pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Gut Microbiota Relates to Metabolic Disorders in Primary Aldosteronism Patients

et al. 2021

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PurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationships among gut microbiota, primary aldosteronism (PA), and related metabolic disorders.MethodsThe study enrolled 13 PA patients, 26 sex-matched primary hypertension patients, and 26 sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, body mass index (BMI), blood aldosterone–renin ratio, blood potassium, blood glucose, blood lipid parameters, and history of diabetes mellitus (DM) were compared between the three groups. The gut microbiota of each participant was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics.ResultsBMI and the percentage of DM in PA patients were higher than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05), but not higher than those in primary hypertension patients (p > 0.05). The gut microbiota of healthy controls and primary hypertension patients had a higher alpha diversity level than that of PA patients. PA patients had fewer short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Prevotella, Blautia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, and Ruminococcus) and more inflammation-associated genera (Megamonas, Sutterella, and Streptococcus) than healthy controls (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota of PA patients was more inclined to encode microbial pathways involved in sugar metabolism, such as starch and sucrose metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism. Blood potassium was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Romboutsia (R = −0.364, q = 0.023). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was positively correlated with Romboutsia (R = 0.386, q = 0.015). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively correlated with Blautia (R = −0.349, q = 0.030).ConclusionsThe alteration of gut microbiota in PA patients, especially bacteria and pathways involved in inflammation, SCFAs, and sugar metabolism, may be associated with chronic metabolic disorders.

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“…Xu et al 2019). The recent comprehensive studies on the effect of ageing on the gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity, microbiome composition and distribution could be found in other reviews too (Buford 2017;Nagpal et al 2018;Bosco and Noti 2021). Metabolomic study on microbiota by David Rojo suggested its implication in various physiopathology associated with human such as inflammation, oxidative stress and gut permeability (Konjevod et al 2021).…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community in human gut: a therapeutic prospect and implication in health and diseases

Dwivedi

Powali

Rastogi

et al. 2021

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The interest in the working and functionality of the human gut microbiome has increased drastically over the years. Though the existence of gut microbes has long been speculated for long over the last few decades, a lot of research has sprung up in studying and understanding the role of gut microbes in the human digestive tract. The microbes present in the gut are highly instrumental in maintaining the metabolism in the body. Further research is going on in this field to understand how gut microbes can be employed as potential sources of novel therapeutics, moreover, probiotics have also elucidated Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved their significant place in this direction. As regards the clinical perspective, microbes can be engineered to afford defense mechanisms while interacting with foreign pathogenic bodies. More investigations in this field may assist us to evaluate and understand how these cells communicate with human cells and promote immune interactions. Here we elaborate on the possible implication of human gut microbiota into the immune system as well as explore the probiotics in the various human ailments. Comprehensive information on the human gut microbiome at the same platform may contribute affectively to our understanding of the human microbiome and possible mechanisms of associated human diseases.

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The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

Cited by 233 publications

References 145 publications

Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immunological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immunological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alteration of Gut Microbiota Relates to Metabolic Disorders in Primary Aldosteronism Patients

Microbial community in human gut: a therapeutic prospect and implication in health and diseases

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