The aging male rat: Structure and function of the kidney

Haley, Diane P.; Bulger, Ruth Ellen

doi:10.1002/aja.1001670102

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In rats, it was reported that the CPL within renal corpuscles appeared in the kidneys from unilateral nephrectomized rats, rats that received a high protein diet, aging male Spra- gue-Dawley rats and spontaneous hypertension rats [2,8,9,12]. However, the presence of the CPL in the kidneys of intact and healthy rats has not been investigated fully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, the percentage of renal corpuscles with a CPL in the Wistar rats was significantly higher than that of other strains, and the sex difference was also remarkable in Wistar rats (males >females). Haley and Bulger [9] morphologically analyzed the kidneys from three-, five-and 12-month-old male SD rats and demonstrated a significant increase of the percentage of renal corpuscles with a CPL at 12 months of age, and they hypothesized that an increase in CPL compensates for the age decrease of the absorption capabilities in the proximal tubules. We hypothesized that the absorption capabilities of proximal tubules in the Wistar rats, especially in male Wistar rats, is lower than those in the SD or F344/N rats, and the limited absorption capabilities of proximal tubules in Wistar rats are supplemented by the CPL in the renal corpuscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain Differences in Morphometrical Characteristics of Rat Kidneys

Murata

Yabuki

Matsumoto

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To clarify the strain differences in the morphology of the rat kidneys, we investigated the morphometrical characteristics of the kidneys of Slc:Wistar, Slc:SD, and F344/NSlc rats. The diameter of the renal corpuscles in female F344/N rats is smaller than that in female Wistar rats. Although sex differences (males > females) were shown in SD and F344/N rats, no effects of castration were detected in any of the groups. Strain-dependent differences in the percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal parietal layer were found in both male and female groups. The highest percentage of them was noted in male Wistar rats. Effects of castration were observed in female Wistar and male F344/N rats, and the values after castration were significantly higher than those in the intact animals. As for the number of proximal convoluted tubular nuclei, no strain differences were detected in either the male or female groups. Although a sex difference was found in SD rats (female>male), no effects of castration were detected in any of the groups. In female F344/N rats, numerous numbers of PAS-positive granules, which were observed in the proximal convoluted and straight tubular epithelia, were noted. Orchiectomy induced an increase of these granules in male SD and F344/N rats, but ovariectomy showed no effects on them in any strains. This is the first study to clarify the strain differences in the morphological characteristics of the kidneys in ordinary rat strains. KEY WORDS: castration, kidney, rat, sex difference, strain difference.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(11): 1185-1189, 2006 Rats are frequently used in animal experiments, and there have been many reports regarding the sex differences in the morphology and function of the rat kidneys; e.g., the segmentation of nephrons [13], the thickness of each of the renal zones [16], the ultrastructural features of the proximal tubular epithelium [21,27], the concentration and constituents of the urine [1,11,16], and the structural and functional alterations with aging [3,6,18,22]. The effects of castration and sex hormone-treatment in the rat kidneys have also been investigated, and the effects on the size of the glomeruli and proximal tubules [14], ultrastructural features of the proximal tubular epithelium [21,27], concentration and constituents of urine [11,16], and the severity of glomerular damage with aging or after uninephrectomy [3,5,15,19,20], have been reported. Regarding the strain differences, several reports demonstrated the strain differences in the urinary constituents [1], glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [7], renal plasma flow (RPF) [7], pathological changes with aging [6,18,22], and the sensitivity to nephrotoxicity due to chemical drugs [4,17] and high-protein food [12].Recently, we investigated the renal morphology in five mouse strains (ICR, BALB/cA, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6Cr and DBA/2Cr), and identified the sex and strain morphological differences; the percentage of the renal corpuscles exhibiting a cuboidal parietal layer (CPL), the diameter of the renal corpuscles,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Differences in Morphometrical Characteristics of Rat Kidneys

Murata

Yabuki

Matsumoto

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In most fish species, the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is composed of squamous cells (Elger et al, 2000), although some multiciliary cells have been observed in the parietal layer of the elasmobranchs (Lacy et al, 1987). In mammals, including man, the parietal layer is also formed by a single cell type, although tubule-like cells have frequently been observed near the urinary pole (Mayer and Ottolenghi, 1947;Andrews, 1981;Haley and Bulger, 1983). The sturgeon, however, has three cell types: squamous, columnar, and multiciliary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal corpuscle of the sturgeon kidney: An ultrastructural, chemical dissection, and lectin‐binding study

2003

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The sturgeon is an ancient species of fish that thrives in a wide range of ecological environments, from freshwater to seawater. Basic in this process of adaptation is the ability of the kidney to control fluid filtration and urine formation. However, the morphological basis of this process is mostly unknown. The aim of the present study was to use microdissection techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and lectin-binding histochemistry) to examine the structure of the renal corpuscle of the sturgeon Acipenser nacarii in order to reveal morphologic features that could be related to function, phylogeny, and habitat. The renal corpuscles are aligned along the intrarrenal arteries. The urinary pole shows a siphon-like neck segment (NS) in 92% of the nephrons, whose structural characteristics are different from those of other fish. The podocytes have cuboidal cellular bodies, intercellular contacts, and poorly developed cell processes. The podocyte glycocalyx contains N-acetylglucosamine and lacks sialic acid. The structural and lectin-binding patterns are similar to those found in the immature mammalian kidney. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is very thick and consists of three layers: a lamina rara externa, a lamina densa, and a thick subendothelial lamina. The latter contains tubular microfibrils, collagen fibers, and long mesangial cell processes. Frequently, the podocyte bodies attach directly to the GBM, and the area occupied by the filtration slits is very small. Furthermore, the GBM shows a glycosylation pattern different from that observed in most vertebrates. Contrary to what would be expected in sturgeons living in freshwater, the A. nacarii renal corpuscle morphology suggests a low glomerular filtration rate. Anat Rec Part A 272A: 563-573, 2003.

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“…Structurally, many of the changes observed in the aging human kidney are recapitulated in rats, including thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and degenerative changes in the proximal tubules, while the most notable functional deficits are proteinuria and reduced urine concentrating ability (12,34). Important findings include that the development of renal disease is more severe in males compared with females (3) and that nutrition influences agerelated renal dysfunction (50).…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased susceptibility of aging kidney to ischemic injury: identification of candidate genes changed during aging, but corrected by caloric restriction

Chen¹,

Bridenbaugh²,

Akintola³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Aging is associated with an increased incidence and severity of acute renal failure. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility to injury remains undefined. These experiments were designed to investigate the influence of age on the response of the kidney to ischemic injury and to identify candidate genes that may mediate this response. Renal slices prepared from young (5 mo), aged ad libitum (aged-AL; 24 mo), and aged caloric-restricted (aged-CR; 24 mo) male Fischer 344 rats were subjected to ischemic stress (100% N2) for 0 -60 min. As assessed by biochemical and histological evaluation, slices from aged-AL rats were more susceptible to injury than young counterparts. Importantly, caloric restriction attenuated the increased susceptibility to injury. In an attempt to identify the molecular pathway(s) underlying this response, microarray analysis was performed on tissue harvested from the same animals used for the viability experiments. RNA was isolated and the corresponding cDNA was hybridized to CodeLink Rat Whole Genome Bioarray slides. Subsequent gene expression analysis was performed using GeneSpring software. Using two-sample t-tests and a twofold cut-off, the expression of 92 genes was changed during aging and attenuated by caloric restriction, including claudin-7, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). Claudin-7 gene expression peaked at 18 mo; however, increased protein expression in certain tubular epithelial cells was seen at 24 mo. Kim-1 gene expression was not elevated at 8 or 12 mo but was at 18 and 24 mo. However, changes in Kim-1 protein expression were only seen at 24 mo and corresponded to increased urinary levels. Importantly, these changes were attenuated by caloric restriction. MMP-7 gene expression was decreased at 8 mo, but an age-dependent increase was seen at 24 mo. Increased MMP-7 protein expression in tubular epithelial cells at 24 mo was correlated with the gene expression pattern. In summary, we identified genes changed by aging and changes attenuated by caloric restriction. This will facilitate investigation into the molecular mechanism mediating the age-related increase in susceptibility to injury. ischemia; microarray analysis ISCHEMIA IS A LEADING cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which develops in ϳ4 -7% of hospitalized patients each year (20).Common conditions leading to ischemia include cardiovascular disease, stroke, dehydration, and surgery, all of which place the elderly population at risk for ischemic ARF. Although the mortality rates for ARF are decreasing, the rates still range from 20 to 35% (45, 47). Importantly, Xue et al. (47) established age as a risk factor for ARF. This is in agreement with previous studies that have associated age with a higher risk for ARF (25,29,30). Pascual et al. (26) suggested that the incidence of ARF is 3.5 times higher in patients over 70 and the aged patients had a higher mortality rate. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie the age-depen...

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The aging male rat: Structure and function of the kidney

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Strain Differences in Morphometrical Characteristics of Rat Kidneys

Strain Differences in Morphometrical Characteristics of Rat Kidneys

Renal corpuscle of the sturgeon kidney: An ultrastructural, chemical dissection, and lectin‐binding study

Increased susceptibility of aging kidney to ischemic injury: identification of candidate genes changed during aging, but corrected by caloric restriction

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