The Aging of Cognitive Control: Studies of Conflict Processing, Goal Neglect, and Error Monitoring

West, Robert; Bowry, Ritvij

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720413.006

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In a related vein, DeJong (2001) proposed that age-related deficits in cognitive control are due to an inability to select and maintain an appropriate goal, which is supported by our findings that older adults have difficulty initiating and maintaining a goal to use a proactive strategy. Similar ideas have also been put forward by West and colleagues (for a review see West and Bowry 2005). Our current findings do not support a generalized slowing account of age-related cognitive deficits (Cerella 1985;Myerson et al 1990;Salthouse 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging

Paxton¹,

Deanna

Racine³

et al. 2007

Cerebral Cortex

365

335

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Cognitive control impairments in healthy older adults may partly reflect disturbances in the ability to actively maintain goal-relevant information, a function that depends on the engagement of lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, healthy young and older adults performed versions of a task in which contextual cues provide goal-relevant information used to bias processing of subsequent ambiguous probes. In Study 1, a blocked design and manipulation of the cue-probe delay interval revealed a generalized pattern of enhanced task-related brain activity in older adults but combined with a specific delay-related reduction of activity in lateral PFC regions. In Study 2, a combined blocked/event-related design revealed enhanced sustained (i.e., across-trial) activity but a reduction in transient trial-related activation in lateral PFC among older adults. Further analyses of within-trial activity dynamics indicated that, within these and other lateral PFC regions, older adults showed reduced activation during the cue and delay period but increased activation at the time of the probe, particularly on high-interference trials. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that age-related impairments in goal maintenance abilities cause a compensatory shift in older adults from a proactive (seen in young adults) to a reactive cognitive control strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging

Paxton¹,

Deanna

Racine³

et al. 2007

Cerebral Cortex

365

335

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Aging is often associated with cognitive control decrements (e.g., Kramer & Madden, 2008; Madden & Whiting, 2004; West & Bowry, 2005). Thus, one might naturally expect age-related differences in the control of spatial attention as well (see Kramer, Scialfa, Peterson, & Irwin, 2001).…”

Section: Aging and Involuntary Attention Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, there might be a gradual shift from contingent capture to capture by salience. Such a hypothesized shift would seem to follow naturally from the widely held belief that cognitive control ability generally declines with age (e.g., Kramer & Madden, 2008;West & Bowry, 2005). To test this hypothesis, we used both electrophysiological and behavioral measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive control is critical for optimizing performance in the face of multiple stimuli and multiple tasks, both in the workplace and in everyday activities. Aging research has accrued evidence that cognitive control ability declines with age, either as a result of generalized slowing, processing-resource decrements, or increased neural noise (e.g., Allen, Ruthruff, & Lien, 2007; Kramer & Madden, 2008; Salthouse & Madden, 2008; West & Bowry, 2005). Other studies have also revealed that specific aspects of cognitive control remain intact with age, such as the ability to establish proper task sets in the face of multiple competing tasks and multiple stimuli (e.g., Allen et al, 2002; Andrés, 2009; Bojko, Kramer, & Peterson, 2004; Hartley, Kieley, & Slabach, 1990; Lien, Ruthruff, & Kuhns, 2008; Madden, Whiting, Cabeza, & Huettel, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and involuntary attention capture: Electrophysiological evidence for preserved attentional control with advanced age.

Lien¹,

Gemperle²,

Ruthruff³

2011

Psychology and Aging

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The present study examined whether people become more susceptible to capture by salient objects as they age. Participants searched a target display for a letter in a specific color and indicated its identity. In Experiment 1, this target display was preceded by a non-informative cue display containing one target-color box, one ignored-color box, and two white boxes. On half of the trials, this cue display also contained a salient-but-irrelevant abrupt onset. To assess capture by the target-color cue, we used the N2pc component of the event-related potential, thought to reflect attentional allocation to the left or right visual field. The target-color box in the cue display produced a substantial N2pc effect for younger adults and, most importantly, this effect was not diminished by the presence of an abrupt onset. Therefore, the abrupt onset was unable to capture attention away from the target-color cue. Critically, older adults demonstrated the same resistance to capture by the abrupt onset. Experiment 2 extended these findings to irrelevant color singleton cues. Thus, we argue that the ability to attend to relevant stimuli and resist capture by salient-but-irrelevant stimuli is preserved with advancing age.

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“…UFOV declines might, ultimately, be caused by a more general decline in attentional competition instead of a disengage defi cit specifi cally. For example, attentional disengagement might rely on endogenous attentional processes under the control of " executive " processes; thus, the disengage defi cit might be a sensitive measure of early executive decline, such as that hypothesized by some accounts of cognitive aging (e.g., West, 1996 ;West & Bowry, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Attentional Disengagement in Older Adults With Useful Field of View Decline

Cosman

Lees

Lee

et al. 2011

The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences an

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The results suggested that UFOV decline in normal aging can be associated with a specific attentional operation, namely attentional disengagement. These results suggest that the underlying cause of UFOV decline may not be a restriction in the breadth or scope of attention. Because the UFOV is a reliable predictor of driving safety, our results point to attentional components that are critical for the visual behavior of older adults.

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The Aging of Cognitive Control: Studies of Conflict Processing, Goal Neglect, and Error Monitoring

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging

Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging

Aging and involuntary attention capture: Electrophysiological evidence for preserved attentional control with advanced age.

Impaired Attentional Disengagement in Older Adults With Useful Field of View Decline

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