The Aging Process Modifies the Distensibility of Elastic but not Muscular Arteries

Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido; Hanon, Olivier; Franconi, Giovanna; Boutouyrie, Pierre; Legrain, S.; Girerd, Xavier

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.4.889

Cited by 103 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to Langewouters (35), C A of the aged human thoracic aorta at 100 mmHg is about one-third of that of the mid-aged aorta. The compliance of large human conduit arteries at operating pressure decreases with age, according to several other reports in the literature (11,20,30,42,44,51,61). D A of the human aorta also decreases with age at operating pressure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries

Tsamis

Rachev

Stergiopulos

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Tsamis A, Rachev A, Stergiopulos N. A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301: H1286 -H1301, 2011. First published July 1, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00570.2010.-In the present report, a constituent-based theoretical model of age-related changes in geometry and mechanical properties of conduit arteries is proposed. The model was based on the premise that given the time course of the load on an artery and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products in the arterial tissue, the initial geometric dimensions and properties of the arterial tissue can be predicted by a solution of a boundary value problem for the governing equations that follow from finite elasticity, structure-based constitutive modeling within the constrained mixture theory, continuum damage theory, and global growth approach for stress-induced structure-based remodeling. An illustrative example of the age-related changes in geometry, structure, composition, and mechanical properties of a human thoracic aorta is considered. Model predictions were in good qualitative agreement with available experimental data in the literature. Limitations and perspectives for refining the model are discussed. arterial remodeling; vascular mechanics; elastin fatigue damage; collagen cross-linking AGING AFFECTS THE MECHANICAL FUNCTION of human conduit arteries such as the aorta, the iliac arteries, and the carotid arteries. It manifests as a change in the vessel geometry and material properties of the vascular tissue, accompanied by alterations in loading conditions. Geometric and structural alterations in the tissue of conduit vessels with progressing age cause a decrease in the total arterial compliance (66), which, in turn, leads to an increase in pulse pressure. The increase in pulse pressure has been shown to be the strongest predictor for cardiovascular mortality, for it augments the mechanical load on the left ventricle (9). Furthermore, the decrease in diastolic pressure observed in late middle age, which reduces the coronary arterial perfusion, raises the demands on the left ventricle (25).Geometric changes observed in aging are associated with an increase in arterial volume (7) characterized by increased lumen area (63) and wall thickening (43) and decreased axial stretch associated with loss in longitudinal stiffness (65). An increase in the opening angle has been observed, which was obtained after residual stress was relieved in an isolated arterial ring by a radial cut (54). Simultaneously, the content of collagen increases and the number of smooth muscle (SM) cells decreases (55). Furthermore, mean aortic pressure gradually increases with advanced age (27). The interrelation among the aforementioned processes is unknown. Additionally, the stiffness of the elastin structure gradually increases with advanced age due to a nonatherosclerotic mineralization mechanism called the medial elastocalcinosis (MEC), during which calcium salts bind to the elastin of the aortic media (15). Also, ela...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries

Tsamis

Rachev

Stergiopulos

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…It is also known that the aging process modifies the distensibility of carotid arteries. 46 Ebrahim et al 47 also reported the relation between IMT of common carotid artery and risk factors of stroke and stroke prevalence. Cupini What is known about this topic K The Third National and Nutrition Evaluation Survey showed that during middle age, men had higher blood pressure than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of gender on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and target organ damage

et al. 2006

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Differences between male and female subjects in mean 24 h blood pressure (BP) values and target organ damage such as left ventricular mass (LVMASS) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries were explained. The study population consisted of 1445 subjects. All subjects underwent 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, left ventricular echocardiography and measurement of IMT of carotid arteries. Men and women did not differ in age, body mass index (BMI) and clinic BP values. Mean 24 h systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in men compared to women. LVMASS corrected for body surface area or height 2.7 , IMT of common (MCCA) and internal (MICA) carotid arteries were found to be significantly higher in men compared to women. Analysis of covariance showed that men had significantly higher LVMASS, MCCA and MICA than women, after adjustment for BMI, age, smoking status, mean 24 h systolic and diastolic BPs, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. These findings indicate that male sex could be an important predictor of higher mean 24 h BP and target organ damage for subjects of similar BMI and clinic BP values.

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“…19 The accuracy of the system is 30 m for the diastolic diameter measurement and Ͻ1 m for the pulsatile change in diameter (difference between systolic and diastolic diameters). 20 All of the measurements were performed on the right common carotid arteries 1 cm below the bifurcation at the site of the distal wall, as assigned in other studies using the same methodology. 19,20 …”

Section: Vascular Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 All of the measurements were performed on the right common carotid arteries 1 cm below the bifurcation at the site of the distal wall, as assigned in other studies using the same methodology. 19,20 …”

Section: Vascular Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension on Early Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis

et al. 2009

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Abstract-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has emerged as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, OSA is frequently associated with several risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension (HTN). The impact of OSA and HTN alone compared with the association of both conditions on carotid atherosclerosis is not understood. We studied 94 middle-aged participants free of smoking and diabetes mellitus who were divided into 4 groups: controls (nϭ22), OSA (nϭ25), HTN (nϭ20), and OSAϩHTN (nϭ27). All of the participants underwent polysomnography and carotid measurements of intima-media thickness, diameter, and distensibility with an echo-tracking device. Compared with controls, intima-media thickness and carotid diameter were similarly higher in OSA (713Ϯ117 and 7117Ϯ805 m), and HTN groups (713Ϯ182 and 7191Ϯ818 m), with a further significant increase in OSAϩHTN patients (837Ϯ181 and 7927Ϯ821 m, respectively; PϽ0.01). Carotid distensibility was significantly lower in HTN (PϽ0.05) and OSAϩHTN subjects (PϽ0.001) compared with controls. In the OSAϩHTN group, carotid distensibility was significantly lower than in the OSA group and controls (PϽ0.05 for each comparison). Multivariate analysis showed that intima-media thickness was positively related to systolic blood pressure and apnea-hypopnea index. Apnea-hypopnea index was the only factor related to carotid diameter. Age and systolic blood pressure were independently related to carotid distensibility. In conclusion, the association of OSA and HTN has additive effects on markers of carotid atherosclerosis. Because early markers of carotid atherosclerosis predict future cardiovascular events, including not only stroke but also myocardial infarction, these findings may help to explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with OSA. O bstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep resulting in oxygen desaturation and arousal from sleep. 1 More than a local obstructive phenomenon in the upper airway, evidence exists indicating that OSA is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction and stroke. [2][3][4][5][6] Carotid atherosclerosis is an attractive mechanism to explain not only the link between OSA and stroke 7 but also the link between OSA and myocardial infarction. 8 Increased markers of atherosclerosis have been described in a subgroup of young and apparently healthy patients with OSA. 9 Moreover, the treatment with continuous positive airway pressure decreased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a validated marker of atherosclerosis. 10 This evidence suggests that OSA is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. 11 However, in clinical practice, several comorbidities are commonly associated with OSA. OSA and hypertension (HTN) are tightly linked. 12 In patients with OSA, the prevalence of HTN is Ϸ40%, and the presence of HTN could be the result of the interaction of environmental and genetic ...

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The Aging Process Modifies the Distensibility of Elastic but not Muscular Arteries

Cited by 103 publications

References 23 publications

A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries

A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries

Impact of gender on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and target organ damage

Additive Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension on Early Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis

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