The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.): The “Queen of Spices”

Feeding and oviposition deterrent activities of microencapsulated cardamom oleoresin and eucalyptol against Cydia pomonella

“…In other words, about 10 kg dried seed would be required to produce 1 kg cardamom oleoresin. Thus, the price of the cardamom oleoresin may be approximately US$120 kg -1 if the cost of cardamom seed is assumed at US$12 kg -1 (Nair and Kutty, 2004). However, microencapsulation technology allows for the low volume application of cardamom oil in smaller quantities compared with direct spraying as pure compounds.…”

Black Pepper in Malaysia: An Overview and Future Prospects

“…The emerge of Vietnam as leader in this industry was due to good support from local government by providing some initiatives to sustain black pepper production through training, media and good agricultural practice have embarked USD 1,119,729,000 profit in 2017 with only 110,000 ha compared to their competitors. Use of traditional breeding such as trunk and vines cutting is another successful cultivation here compared to India, which uses a pre-rooted cutting from runner shoot (Prabhakaran Nair, 2011). In Malaysia, support by MPB has a remarkable effect on the growth of black pepper; however, juggling with market price has diversified the crop even abundant availability of cutting.…”

“…It is a perennial crop and may grow up to 15 years depending on crop management practices applied by farmers. The crop can grow well in humid tropics with 2,000 to 3,000 mm rainfall per year and require a proper drainage system to avoid foot rot (Paulus et al, 2011b;Prabhakaran Nair, 2011). Excessive drainage during the flowering period has been reported to affect flower pollination and thus reducing berries production.…”

“…Eusideroxylon zwageri, Commersonia bartramia and others) and bare soil surface through clearing any other crops than black pepper. All the traditional practices indeed promote higher crop productivity in the first year, however, the deterioration of crop and land will be seen on wet seasons (Prabhakaran Nair, 2011;Tanaka et al, 2009). The loss of topsoil from this area with high rainfall, especially in Sarawak (e.g.…”

Analysis of Cardamonin by Square Wave Voltammetry

“…It has for long been used for medicinal and culinary purposes, mainly in Asia. Recently, cardamom has been introduced to all continents, thus it has been continuously growing in production and commercial importance (Nair, ).…”