The Aharonov-Bohm effect Part two: Experiment

Tonomura, Akira

doi:10.1007/bfb0032078

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect [1], it is demonstrated that when a beam of electrons is split into two parts, each going on opposite sides of a long solenoid carrying out a current, there exits a phase shift between the two parts after the beams are brought together. The phase difference, known as the AB phase, or the Berry phase, is proportional to the magnetic flux through the solenoid, which has been precisely confirmed by measurements of the shifts in electron interference patterns formed by electrons moving around the solenoid [2][3][4][5]. On the other hand, optically active media have the helical and dissymmetric crystal structure, which constrains the motions of the electrons to a helical path under the influence of the incident electric field [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Aharonov–Bohm effect in optical activity

Tan¹

2010

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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Optically active media have the helical and dissymmetric crystal structure, which constrains the motions of the electrons to a helical path under the influence of the incident electric field. The charge flow along the helices induces a magnetic field in the direction of the axis of helices. The helical structure hence acts as natural micro-solenoids for the electromagnetic waves passing through them. Optical rotation is related to the difference in the accumulative Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase between the right-and the leftcircularly polarized waves. The AB phase is proportional to the angular momentum of an electron moving around the micro-solenoid. Originally the AB phase is shown to be a continuous function of the magnetic flux. However, quantization of the geometrical angular momentum leads to the quantized AB phase. The rotatory power and the Verdet constant are proportional to the refractive index of the medium. The quantized current in the micro-solenoid is proportional to the Bohr magneton and inversely proportional to the area of the helices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Aharonov–Bohm effect in optical activity

Tan¹

2010

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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“…The experimental confirmation of the Aharonov-Bohm prediction [2][3][4][5][6][7] led Wu and Yang to argue in their seminal paper [8] that :…”

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confidence: 99%

Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan (University) College:

LONG¹,

Jiang²

Service-Learning as a New Paradigm in Higher Education of China

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User identity linkage (UIL), matching accounts of a person on different social networks, is a fundamental task in cross-network data mining. Recent works have achieved promising results by exploiting graph neural networks (GNNs) to capture network structure. However, they rarely analyze the realistic node-level bottlenecks that hinder UIL's performance. First, node degrees in a graph vary widely and are long-tailed. A significant fraction of tail nodes with small degrees are underrepresented due to limited structural information, degrading linkage performance seriously. The second bottleneck usually overlooked is super head nodes. It is commonly accepted that head nodes perform well. However, we find that some of them with super high degrees also have difficulty aligning counterparts, due to noise introduced by the randomness of following friends in real-world social graphs. In pursuit of learning ideal representations for these two groups of nodes, this paper proposes a degree-aware model named DegUIL to narrow the degree gap. To this end, our model complements missing neighborhoods for tail nodes and discards redundant structural information for super head nodes in embeddings respectively. Specifically, the neighboring bias is predicted and corrected locally by two modules, which are trained using the knowledge from structurally adequate head nodes. As a result, ideal neighborhoods are obtained for meaningful aggregation in GNNs. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our model. Our data and code can be found at https://github.com/Longmeix/DegUIL.

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Minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics/quantum field theory, issues, and problems

Maziashvili

Megrelidze

2013

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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The Aharonov-Bohm effect Part two: Experiment

Cited by 4 publications

References 180 publications

Aharonov–Bohm effect in optical activity

Aharonov–Bohm effect in optical activity

Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan (University) College:

Minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics/quantum field theory, issues, and problems

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