The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: achievements for marine conservation and priorities beyond 2020

Carr, Hannah; Abas, Marina; Boutahar, Loubna; Caretti, Olivia N; Chan, Wing Yan; Chapman, Abbie; Mendonça, Sarah N. de; Engleman, Abigail; Ferrario, Filippo; Simmons, Kayelyn R.; Verdura, Jana; Zivian, Anna

doi:10.7717/peerj.9743

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…Progress has been slow in the explicit use and application of connectivity research for managing the marine ecosystem (Balbar & Metaxas, 2019; Carr et al, 2020). However, our results provided a better understanding on connectivity to further any advances and contribute to future conservation proposals that can appropriately cover sea turtle movements throughout their life cycle, following the success of others using tracking data to influence marine policy (see Davies et al, 2021; Hays et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization

Kot

Åkesson

Alfaro‐Shigueto

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Understanding the spatial ecology of animal movements is a critical element in conserving long-lived, highly mobile marine species. Analyzing networks developed from movements of six sea turtle species reveals marine connectivity and can help prioritize conservation efforts. Location: Global.Methods: We collated telemetry data from 1235 individuals and reviewed the literature to determine our dataset's representativeness. We used the telemetry data to develop spatial networks at different scales to examine areas, connections, and their geographic arrangement. We used graph theory metrics to compare networks across regions and species and to identify the role of important areas and connections.Results: Relevant literature and citations for data used in this study had very little overlap. Network analysis showed that sampling effort influenced network structure, and the arrangement of areas and connections for most networks was complex.However, important areas and connections identified by graph theory metrics can be different than areas of high data density. For the global network, marine regions in the Mediterranean had high closeness, while links with high betweenness among marine regions in the South Atlantic were critical for maintaining connectivity. Comparisons among species-specific networks showed that functional connectivity was related to movement ecology, resulting in networks composed of different areas and links.Main conclusions: Network analysis identified the structure and functional connectivity of the sea turtles in our sample at multiple scales. These network characteristics could help guide the coordination of management strategies for wide-ranging animals throughout their geographic extent. Most networks had complex structures that can contribute to greater robustness but may be more difficult to manage changes when compared to simpler forms. Area-based conservation measures would benefit sea turtle populations when directed toward areas with high closeness dominating network function. Promoting seascape connectivity of links with high betweenness would decrease network vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization

Kot

Åkesson

Alfaro‐Shigueto

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Sustainability of oceans, seas and marine resources continues to be affected by climate change, and if the global efforts to address climate change are not effectively harnessed, effects of climate change will be huge by 2050 ( 32 ). With the economic role attached to these resources by countries and populations, it is extremely important now to take collective actions that will improve conservation interventions for our current and future well-being ( 33 ). In planning process for addressing these challenges, the “ Marine spatial planning ” as described by Grip and Blomqvist, offers a multisectoral planning process “ for coordinating different marine interests and balancing the use, protection and conservation of marine areas and space with its resources, biodiversity and ecosystem services ” ( 34 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Inequalities Toward Inclusive Governance for Achieving One Health: A Rapid Review

Eliakimu

Mans²

2022

Front. Public Health

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Sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015 are geared toward sustainable development through various pathways, one being reducing inequality as covered in SDG 10. Inequalities are a threat to health and wellbeing of populations and a planet Earth in which we live. This rapid review aims to identify key issues that are likely to exacerbate inequalities around the six SDGs directly related to One Health, which are SDG 3, 6, 11, 13, 14 and 15, and suggest some actions that may help to address them using inclusive governance taking into account the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Informed by the literature on SDGs and using the “inclusive development concept” by Gupta and Vegelin, literature search was done in Google Scholar, PubMed Central, as well as, searching of references in the relevant articles identified using search terms from the six SDGs that are directly related to One Health. In the context of the SDGs, in order to achieve One Health through inclusive governance, and tackle inequalities, the following needs to be considered and addressed: increasing number of armed conflicts; ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; ensuring availability of water and sanitation facilities; improving city and urban areas planning to cope with climate change; improving governance arrangements for addressing climate change factoring gender and human rights; multisectoral planning for conservation of oceans, seas, and marine resources; balancing trade regulation of wildlife trade with conservation efforts; need for a research collaborative involving experts from environmental sciences, wildlife, agriculture and human health to study and develop scientific evidence on contribution of changes in land use practices to occurrence of zoonotic diseases; and need of a legislation for promoting animal welfare to protect public health. Also, inclusion of people with disabilities in the use of digital technologies is critical.

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“…Often the summering and wintering ranges of migratory species are well protected, but rarely do migration corridors and stop-over sites receive the same level of protection, especially when crossing international or regional borders [ 118 , 119 ]. As nations continue to invest in developing and identifying marine protected areas, such as those laid out by the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and extending beyond 2020 goals [ 120 ], migratory corridors can be more complex to protect due to their seasonality [ 121 ]. However, it is becoming increasingly important for the development of marine protected areas to include migratory corridors used by species [ 122 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent migration routes reveal contrasting energy-minimization strategies to deal with differing resource predictability

et al. 2023

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Background Seasonal long-distance movements are a common feature in many taxa allowing animals to deal with seasonal habitats and life-history demands. Many species use different strategies to prioritize time- or energy-minimization, sometimes employing stop-over behaviours to offset the physiological burden of the directed movement associated with migratory behaviour. Migratory strategies are often limited by life-history and environmental constraints, but can also be modulated by the predictability of resources en route. While theory on population-wide strategies (e.g. energy-minimization) are well studied, there are increasing evidence for individual-level variation in movement patterns indicative of finer scale differences in migration strategies. Methods We aimed to explore sources of individual variation in migration strategies for long-distance migrators using satellite telemetry location data from 41 narwhal spanning a 21-year period. Specifically, we aimed to determine and define the long-distance movement strategies adopted and how environmental variables may modulate these movements. Fine-scale movement behaviours were characterized using move-persistence models, where changes in move-persistence, highlighting autocorrelation in a movement trajectory, were evaluated against potential modulating environmental covariates. Areas of low move-persistence, indicative of area-restricted search-type behaviours, were deemed to indicate evidence of stop-overs along the migratory route. Results Here, we demonstrate two divergent migratory tactics to maintain a similar overall energy-minimization strategy within a single population of narwhal. Narwhal migrating offshore exhibited more tortuous movement trajectories overall with no evidence of spatially-consistent stop-over locations across individuals. Nearshore migrating narwhal undertook more directed routes, contrasted by spatially-explicit stop-over behaviour in highly-productive fjord and canyon systems along the coast of Baffin Island for periods of several days to several weeks. Conclusions Within a single population, divergent migratory tactics can achieve a similar overall energy-minimizing strategy within a species as a response to differing trade-offs between predictable and unpredictable resources. Our methodological approach, which revealed the modulators of fine-scale migratory movements and predicted regional stop-over sites, is widely applicable to a variety of other aquatic and terrestrial species. Quantifying marine migration strategies will be key for adaptive conservation in the face of climate change and ever increasing human pressures.

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The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: achievements for marine conservation and priorities beyond 2020

Cited by 19 publications

References 208 publications

Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization

Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization

Addressing Inequalities Toward Inclusive Governance for Achieving One Health: A Rapid Review

Divergent migration routes reveal contrasting energy-minimization strategies to deal with differing resource predictability

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