The air hunger response of four elite breath-hold divers

Binks, Andrew P.; Vovk, Andrea; Ferrigno, Massimo; Banzett, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.06.014

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This implies that long experience to clinical dyspnea has not greatly altered the immediate processing of respiratory discomfort. This is consistent with findings in competitive breath-hold divers whose perception of laboratory air hunger is not different from normal subjects [26]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dyspnea affective response: comparing COPD patients with healthy volunteers and laboratory model with activities of daily living

et al. 2013

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BackgroundLaboratory-induced dyspnea (breathing discomfort) in healthy subjects is widely used to study perceptual mechanisms, yet the relationship between laboratory-induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers and spontaneous dyspnea in patients with chronic lung disease is not well established. We compared affective responses to dyspnea 1) in COPD patients vs. healthy volunteers (HV) undergoing the same laboratory stimulus; 2) in COPD during laboratory dyspnea vs. during activities of daily living (ADL).MethodsWe induced moderate and high dyspnea levels in 13 COPD patients and 12 HV by increasing end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) during restricted ventilation, evoking air hunger. We used the multidimensional dyspnea profile (MDP) to measure intensity of sensory qualities (e.g., air hunger (AH) and work/effort (W/E)) as well as immediate discomfort (A1) and secondary emotions (A2). Ten of the COPD subjects also completed the MDP outside the laboratory following dyspnea evoked by ADL.ResultsCOPD patients and HV reported similar levels of immediate discomfort relative to sensory intensity. COPD patients and HV reported anxiety and frustration during laboratory-induced dyspnea; variation among individuals far outweighed the small differences between subject groups. COPD patients reported similar intensities of sensory qualities, discomfort, and emotions during ADL vs. during moderate laboratory dyspnea. Patients with COPD described limiting ADL to avoid greater dyspnea.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, we found no evidence that a history of COPD alters the affective response to laboratory-induced dyspnea, and no difference in affective response between dyspnea evoked by this laboratory model and dyspnea evoked by ADL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dyspnea affective response: comparing COPD patients with healthy volunteers and laboratory model with activities of daily living

et al. 2013

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“…To achieve an acute respiratory acidosis to pH < 7.0, Pa CO 2 would have to exceed 100mmHg (Keele et al, 1982; Hare et al, 2003). High levels of Pa CO 2 are often observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic sleep apnea, and can also occur in breath-hold divers (Koo et al, 1975; Sari et al, 1992; Guardiola et al, 2004; Binks et al, 2007), but in such cases, Pa CO 2 typically only increases up to 50 – 70mmHg, leading to a concomitant decrease in pH to only 7.2–7.3 (Koo et al, 1975; Keele et al, 1982). It has been estimated that a person would need to hold their breath for 20 minutes to cause Pa CO 2 to rise to higher than 100 mm Hg (Frumin et al, 1959).…”

Section: Arguments Against a Role Of 5-ht Neurons As Chemoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medullary serotonin neurons and central CO2 chemoreception

Corcoran

Hodges

et al. 2009

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

135

128

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Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons are putative central respiratory chemoreceptors, aiding in the brain's ability to detect arterial changes in P CO 2 and implement appropriate ventilatory responses to maintain blood homeostasis. These neurons are in close proximity to large medullary arteries and are intrinsically chemosensitive in vitro, characteristics expected for chemoreceptors. 5-HT neurons of the medullary raphé are stimulated by hypercapnia in vivo, and their disruption results in a blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response. More recently, data collected from transgenic and knock-out mice have provided further insight into the role of 5-HT in chemosensitivity. This review summarizes current evidence in support of the hypothesis that 5-HT neurons are central chemoreceptors, and addresses arguments made against this role. We also briefly explore the relationship between the medullary raphé and another chemoreceptive site, the retrotrapezoid nucleus, and discuss how they may interact during hypercapnia to produce a robust ventilatory response.

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“…These computations are useful clinically in patients under anaesthesia 16,17 ; or unable to communicate distress as in sleep apnea 18 or dyspnea [19][20][21] and the potential risk associated with diabetes mellitus 14 and obesity 15 has been studied previously using these methods. This study aimed to assess the risk of dynamical disease by novel chaotic globals to HRV in subjects with malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Appraisal by Novel Chaotic Globals to HRV in Subjects With Malnutrition

Barreto

Vanderlei

et al. 2014

J. Hum. Growth Dev.

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The aim of this study is to assess the risk of dynamical diseases in malnourished children. This is achieved by the application of novel chaotic global techniques to the RR-intervals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in the cohort. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an inexpensive and non-invasive tool to measure the autonomic impulses. Here there has been a decrease in chaotic response of HRV. Seventy children were divided into equal groups and the HRV monitored for 20-25 minutes. The Chaos Forward Parameter (CFP) which applies all three chaotic global parameters is suggested to be the most robust algorithm. These three parameters are high spectral entropy (hsEntropy), high spectral detrended fluctuation analysis (hsDFA) and spectral multi-taper method (sMTM). hsEntropy is a function of the irregularity of amplitude and frequency of the power spectrums peaks. It is derived by applying Shannon entropy to the multi-taper method power spectrum. To derive hsDFA we calculate the spectral adaptation in exactly the same way as for hsEntropy using an adaptive multi-taper method power spectrum with the same settings; but DFA rather than Shannon entropy is the algorithm applied. sMTM is the area between the multi-taper method power spectrum and the baseline. After Anderson-Darling and Lilliefors tests of normality; Kruskal-Wallis was used for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at (p < 0.01). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified two components representing 100% of total variance. Autonomic imbalance measured as HRV and an increased cardiovascular risk are described for overweight children as well as for malnourished and those with anorexia nervosa. The relationship between malnourishment and complexity measures is useful in the risk assessment of dynamical diseases associated with the condition. This is supportive in treatments, assisting the determination of the level of dietary or pharmacological intervention especially in related dynamical diseases.

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The air hunger response of four elite breath-hold divers

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Dyspnea affective response: comparing COPD patients with healthy volunteers and laboratory model with activities of daily living

Dyspnea affective response: comparing COPD patients with healthy volunteers and laboratory model with activities of daily living

Medullary serotonin neurons and central CO2 chemoreception

Risk Appraisal by Novel Chaotic Globals to HRV in Subjects With Malnutrition

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