The airway fluid analysis: methods and interpretation for the athletic horse

Michelotto, Pedro Vicente; Lessa, Daniel Augusto Barroso; Silva, Katia Moreira da; Gawlowski, Karla Ribeiro S.; Fernandes, Wilson Roberto

doi:10.4322/rbcv.2014.040

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Respiratory diseases are one of the major causes of low performance and economic losses in the equine industry. Despite the growth in the number of animals used for polo activity and the reported high frequency of respiratory diseases in other activities [ 2 , 4 , 24 , 36 ], horses used for polo have been poorly studied in clinical and epidemiological studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Silva

Otaka

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

JES

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The respiratory system is essential for health and high athletic performance in horses. Respiratory diseases have been recognized as having a major impact on training equine animals and are commonly cited as the second most common cause of wasted training time. Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is an important cause of poor performance in young racehorses. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is considered a major issue for the equine industry because of its high prevalence and association with reduced athletic performance. In Brazil, polo is a growing equestrian sport, but studies on it are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of EIPH, the association between EIPH and IAD, and EIPH influence on the tracheal cytological profile of polo ponies. Thirty-seven horses regularly used for polo were included in this study. Endoscopic examination was performed every 30 to 90 min after practice, and tracheal lavage was performed after 18 to 24 hr. Sixteen animals (43.2%) presented a score of 0 for mucus in endoscopy; twelve animals (32.4%) presented a score for 1 and nine animals (24.3%) presented score 2 of mucus. IAD was characterized by tracheal cytology in 12 animals (32.4%). The occurrence of EIPH in this study was 29.7% (11/37). No significant difference was found in the cell types in tracheal cytology when EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses were compared. Polo ponies are affected by IAD and EIPH in relevant proportions, but there was no association between EIPH and tracheal cytological profile.

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confidence: 99%

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Silva

Otaka

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

JES

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“…Respiratory tract diseases stands out in equine medicine due to their high prevalence and impact on animal health and economic losses to the equine industry (Michelotto et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukotriene B4 in equine asthma syndrome: what do we know so far?

et al. 2019

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The term “equine asthma syndrome” (EAS) was recently proposed due to the resemblance of the equine disease to human asthma. Leukotrienes cause constriction of the bronchi, especially in the lower airways and increase mucus secretion in the respiratory system. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been discovered as a strong chemotactic factor, which plays a role in neutrophil migration. The immunologic background of EAS remains not fully elucidated despite many studies on the pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the LTB4 concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of horses with and without pulmonary inflammatory disease. Thirty-five mixed breed horses were studied and LTB4 was determined by using specific ELISA Kit. The horses were grouped by 2 different criteria for statistical analysis of data: 1) according to the values for BALF citology and 2) according to the detection of LTB4 in BALF. There was signiﬁcant difference of effect of age on the LTB4 detection in equine BALF. Younger animals were the majority where it was possible to detect LTB4 values in LBA. In conclusion, there was an effect of age on the detection of LTB4 in equine BALF, where LTB4 levels were more easily detected in younger animals than older animals and the results of this study raise the possibility of considering future studies with the objective of establishing the real role and the best moment to detect LTB4 in BALF of the equine asthma syndrome.

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“…Horses present high prevalence of inflammatory lung diseases, which may be associated with environmental management and work conditions (2) . The study of samples of the respiratory tract fluid has been considered extremely useful as an important technique for diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in horses (3,4) , and it is often performed in Brazil (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . The interpretation of cytological findings may vary depending on sampling and processing techniques (13) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Tracheobronchial Wash Filtration and Its Effects on Differential Cell Count

et al. 2016

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Tracheobronchial wash (TBW) is a method to recover cell samples from the airways. The cytology of TBW fluid is an important technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in horses. Excessive mucus in TBW may cause cell damage and morphological changes that hinder cell type recognition, resulting in a misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the results of differential cell count in a tracheobronchial wash of filtered and non-filtered samples. Endoscopy and TBW procedures were performed in thirty horses. Each TBW sample was split into two aliquots. Two groups were formed: non-filtrated aliquots (NF) and filtrated aliquots (F). The filtration was performed using a hydrophilic gauze pad. After centrifugation, the differential cell count was performed considering 300 nucleated cells. The filtrated aliquots results presented a significant increase of macrophages count and a significant decrease in neutrophils count comparing to the results of non-filtrated aliquots. These findings were consistent with results of filtered bronchoalveolar wash published studies. Therefore, the filtration of TBW is not an efficient method.

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The airway fluid analysis: methods and interpretation for the athletic horse

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Leukotriene B4 in equine asthma syndrome: what do we know so far?

Equine Tracheobronchial Wash Filtration and Its Effects on Differential Cell Count

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