The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development

Weru, Jane; Okoyo, Omondi; Wambui, Mary; Njoroge, Patrick; Mwelu, Jacinta; Otibine, Evans; Chepchumba, Ann; Wanjiku, Regina; Wakesho, Tabitha; Maina, John Pius Njenga

doi:10.1177/0956247817750963

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As of December 2016, 6,822 Muungano members had received financing from the AMT for land and housing, and 6,174 members had benefitted from livelihood loans. 68 Households and communities can reduce risk through upgrading buildings and site and neighborhood improvements. 63 But, household-and neighborhood-level investments cannot provide the trunk infrastructure systems required (paved roads, piped water mains, sewer and storm drainage systems, and street lighting).…”

Section: Government Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 1 billion people currently live in informal settlements, primarily in urban areas in low-and middle-income countries. Informal settlements are defined by poor-quality houses or shacks built outside formal laws and regulations. Most informal settlements lack piped water or adequate provision for sanitation, drainage, and public services. Many are on dangerous sites because their inhabitants have a higher chance of avoiding eviction. This paper considers how to build resilience to the impacts of climate change in informal settlements. It focuses on informal settlements in cities in low-and middle-income countries and how these concentrate at-risk populations. This paper also reviews what is being done to address climate resilience in informal settlements. In particular, community-and city-government-led measures to upgrade settlements can enhance resilience to climate-change risks and serve vulnerable groups. It also discusses how the barriers to greater scale and effectiveness can be overcome, including with synergies with the Sustainable Development Goals. Rapid Urbanization and Growth of Informal SettlementsThe current urban population is approximately 4.4 billion people globally. About 3.4 billion people currently live in urban centers in what the United Nations (UN) terms ''less developed regions.'' 1 UN projections suggest that urban population growth in ''less developed regions'' will be over 2 billion people by 2050 and that close to 90% of this increase will be in Asia and Africa. This means that another 2 billion urban dwellers will require housing, basic services, and resilience to climate-change impacts. 1 At present, approximately 1 billion urban dwellers live in what are termed informal settlements in poor-quality houses or shacks. 2 Informal settlements fall outside formal laws and regulations on land ownership, land use, and buildings. Their illegality makes government agencies unable or unwilling to work with them. These are settlements to which city governments have not extended what the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) terms risk-reducing infrastructure (paved roads, storm and surface drainage, piped water, etc.) and services relevant to resilience (including healthcare, emergency services, and rules of law). 2 Many informal settlements are ill prepared for climate change and face particularly high risks of floods and landslides as a result of poor-quality buildings and a lack of infrastructure to prevent flooding, withstand heavy storms, and cope with heat waves. 2 In the absence of more effective policies, most of the world's growth in urban population will be accommodated in informal settlements. Given the projected rates and regions of urban population growth by 2050, there is an urgent need to build resilience to climate change in these settlements and to do so at scale. There is also an urgent need to vastly expand the supply and reduce the cost of ''formal'' (i.e., legal) housing that provides low-income groups with safer and more accessible alternatives to...

show abstract

Section: Government Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… NOTES AND SOURCES: (a) Weru, J, O Okoyo, M Wambui, P Njoroge, J Mwelu, E Otibine, A Chepchumba, R Wanjiku, T Wakesho and J P N Maina (2018), “The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 30, No 1, pages 53–66. (b) Pal, J (2005), “Sustaining Cuttack’s urban service improvements: exploring the levers”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 17, No 2, pages 171–183. (c) Batley, R and C Mcloughlin (2010), “Engagement with non-state service providers in fragile states: reconciling state-building and service delivery”, Development Policy Review Vol 28, No 2, pages 131–154. (d) Boonyabancha, S (2009), “Land for housing the poor – by the poor: experiences from the Baan Mankong nationwide slum upgrading programme in Thailand”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 21, No 2, pages 309–329. (e) Archer, D (2012), “Baan Mankong participatory slum upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand: community perceptions of outcomes and security of tenure”, Habitat International Vol 36, pages 178–184. (f) CODI (Community Organizations Development Institute) is a Thai public agency established to bring together poor communities, development professionals and government to plan and deliver upgrading programmes. (g) Bradlow, B (2015), “Quiet conflict: institutional change: informal settlement upgrading and formalized partnerships between local authorities and urban social movements in South Africa”, in P Herrle, A Ley and J Fokdal (editors), From Local Action to Global Networks: Housing the Urban Poor , Routledge, London, pages 87–106. (h) CORC (Community Organisation Resource Centre) is a South African NGO formed in 2002 to support community-led upgrading of informal settlements and dialogue with city and national governments – see http://sasdialliance.org.za/about/corc. …”

Section: Memoranda Of Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… (a) Weru, J, O Okoyo, M Wambui, P Njoroge, J Mwelu, E Otibine, A Chepchumba, R Wanjiku, T Wakesho and J P N Maina (2018), “The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 30, No 1, pages 53–66. …”

Section: Memoranda Of Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making spaces for co-production: collaborative action for settlement upgrading in Harare, Zimbabwe

Shand

2018

Environment and Urbanization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To make co-production work as a strategy for urban development, and to establish a basis for collaborative action, states and organized communities must find a way to manage their unequal power relationship. Effective partnerships, constructed through projects of co-production, require participants to move beyond institutionally defined roles of service provider and service consumer to forge new terms for collaboration and spaces for joint decision-making. The processes of making space for co-production can be centrally important to establishing the legitimacy of development activity that includes the urban poor as stakeholders. Drawing from research undertaken in Harare, Zimbabwe, this paper examines how a memorandum of understanding was used to frame dialogue between community and state actors and facilitate co-production of housing and infrastructure in a low-income settlement. Keywords co-production / Harare / informal settlements / memorandum of understanding / shelter upgrading / state-social relations / urban development / Zimbabwe

show abstract

“… 20. Weru, Jane, Omondi Okoyo, Mary Wambui, Patrick Njoroge, Jacinta Mwelu, Evans Otibine, Ann Chepchumba, Regina Wanjiku, Tabitha Wakesho, John Pius and Njenga Maina (2018), “The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 30, No 1, pages 53–66; also Patel, Sheela, Aseena Viccajee and Jockin Arputham (2019), “From taking money to making money: SPARC, NSDF and Mahila Milan transform low-income shelter options in India”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 30, No 1, pages 85–102; and Makau, Jack and Kate Lines (2018), “Taking the long view: 20 years of Muungano wa Wanavijiji, the Kenyan federation of slum dwellers”, Environment and Urbanization Vol 30, No 2, pages 407–424. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Getting housing back onto the development agenda: the many roles of housing and the many services it should provide its inhabitants

Satterthwaite¹

2020

Environment and Urbanization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This editorial considers the large range of services and other benefits that should be associated with housing residence or title. This includes the implications for housing policies that respond to the diversity of housing needs among low-income populations and for interventions on the ground. Assessments of housing usually focus on the quality of the housing structure and of infrastructure and service provision, and sometimes of tenure. Here, I widen this to include consideration of whether other critical housing needs are being addressed: a good location (in regard to labour markets and services), choice (within housing and land for housing markets), and a registered address or other home-related documents that allow access to public services and entitlements. Also considered are other factors important for getting housing needs addressed, including lowincome groups being organized and having a productive engagement with government.

show abstract

The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements

Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements

Making spaces for co-production: collaborative action for settlement upgrading in Harare, Zimbabwe

Editorial: Getting housing back onto the development agenda: the many roles of housing and the many services it should provide its inhabitants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About