The Albanian scientific diaspora: can the brain drain be reversed?

Gëdeshi, Ilir; King, Russell

doi:10.1080/21632324.2019.1677072

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This article will focus on the diaspora that migrates for scientific purposes: to advance their scientific career or to work in sectors requiring specialized, scientific skills. Gëdeshi and King ( 2019 ) describe as scientific diaspora a country's scientific talent moved abroad, including those who obtain high level training abroad. From a transnational approach, the scientific diaspora refers to highly qualified migrants who not only acquire knowledge in the host country, but also contribute to their homeland, becoming agents of development facilitating knowledge, connections and technology transfer (Tejada, 2007 ).…”

Section: Scientific Diaspora: Conceptual Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organized Scientific Diaspora and Its Contributions to Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean

King

Toro

Figueroa³

et al. 2022

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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The current knowledge society has driven an unprecedented mobility of people, especially scientists, from emerging economies to developed countries. This mobility can allow the development of human talent and the access to first class infrastructure and resources, but it can also mean a loss for emerging economies due to the phenomenon of brain drain. To counteract this situation, some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have developed models for the articulation of their scientific diaspora in projects and programs, with the aim of exchanging knowledge and capitalizing on human and technical resources to advance science, technology and innovation systems. Likewise, science diplomacy has become a tool for interlinking the work of various actors in order to advance the solution of national, transnational or global problems through scientific advice. Scientific diasporas are vital in new structures of cooperation, enabling them to innovate and solve problems jointly, advising their countries of origin and articulating policies and programs. This research seeks to analyze the interactions and initiatives identified between the organized scientific diaspora from Latin America and the Caribbean and their countries of origin in relation to science diplomacy processes, providing recommendations and proposals for public policy to improve the interaction between the diaspora and the governments of their countries of origin. Results show that diaspora organizations from Latin America and the Caribbean engage with governmental and non-state actors and are active science diplomacy stakeholders promoting the scientific developments of their country or their researchers, as well as enabling access to research resources creating alliances for scientific, institutional and academic collaborations. In the cases studied, these efforts are planned and executed by the diaspora without responding to any science diplomacy strategy of the country. Policies and programs are needed to effectively link the scientific diaspora organizations to the interests of the countries.

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Section: Scientific Diaspora: Conceptual Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organized Scientific Diaspora and Its Contributions to Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean

King

Toro

Figueroa³

et al. 2022

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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“…First the economic situation, for which we had migrated, started to be limited. According to a recent study (Gëdeshi and King 2018a) this mixed set of returnees is the largest group and accounts for 54.7 per cent of returnees in total (ibid. : 71).…”

Section: Negative Drivers Towards Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 'willing returnees' sought thus to capitalize on their socioeconomic capital gained abroad by investing in small businesses or by seeking a better-paid job in Albania. In their recent study, Gëdeshi and King (2018a) suggest that while these returnees account for a small share (around 16 per cent), it could potentially play an important part in the economic development of Albania (ibid. : 71).…”

Section: Positive Drivers Towards Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study (Gëdeshi and King 2018a) more than half of the returnees reported a lack of quality services and an inadequate public health system, which along with unemployment, insufficient income, and lack of quality services are cited among the top factors for considering remigration (ibid. : 19).…”

Section: Reintegration Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same survey puts Albania at the top of Europe on the 'brain drain' index, which measures the number of young, highly educated people who want to leave the country with no plan to return. Experts consider unemployment, low wages, rampant corruption, lack of rule of law, and lack of opportunities for upward mobility as the main reasons behind those (re)migration trends (Gëdeshi and King 2018a).…”

Section: Remigrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe

Gemi¹,

Triandafyllidou²

2021

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This book provides an important new analytical framework for making sense of return, remigration, and circular mobility, conceptualising them as different phases of a wider migration process.Using an in-depth case study of Albania and its two main destination countries, Italy and Greece, the book demonstrates that instead of being viewed as a linear path between origin and destination, migration should be seen as a segmented or cyclical pattern that may involve several localities and more than two countries. Characterized by important previous historical, social, economic, and political linkages, geographical proximity, but also high migration volatility and sustained flows in either directions, Albanian migration to Italy and Greece offers an optimal case study for analysing complex return, reintegration, and mobility processes. While interesting as a unique regional migration system, the lessons learned cast light on important migration and mobility dynamics that are relevant for labour migration in Europe, also from other important migrant origin countries in the EU's neighbourhood such as for instance Morocco or the Ukraine.This rich theoretical and empirical study will be of interest to researchers within European studies and migration studies, as well as providing a useful contribution to policy debates on how to govern return migration, reintegration, and circular migration.

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Contexts, Methods, and Analytical Framework

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2022

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The Albanian scientific diaspora: can the brain drain be reversed?

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Organized Scientific Diaspora and Its Contributions to Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Organized Scientific Diaspora and Its Contributions to Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean

Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe

Contexts, Methods, and Analytical Framework

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