The ALPINE−ALMA [C <scp>ii</scp>] Survey: on the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy

Romano, Michael; Cassata, P.; Morselli, L.; Lemaux, B. C.; Béthermin, M.; Capak, P.; Faisst, Andreas L.; Fèvre, O. Le; Schaerer, D.; Silverman, John D.; Yan, Lin; Bardelli, S.; Boquien, M.; Cimatti, A.; Dessauges‐Zavadsky, M.; Enia, A.; Fudamoto, Yoshinobu; Fujimoto, Seiji; Ginolfi, M.; Gruppioni, C.; Hathi, N. P.; Ibar, E.; Jones, G. C.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Loiacono, F.; Mancini, C.; Riechers, Dominik A.; Rodighiero, G.; Rodríguez-Muñoz, L.; Talia, M.; Vallini, L.; Vergani, D.; Zamorani, G.; Zucca, E.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1546

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Lagache et al (2018). A series of companion papers discuss the other scientific results of ALPINE (e.g., Le Fèvre et al 2020;Jones et al 2020;Ginolfi et al 2020b,a;Faisst et al 2019;Cassata et al 2020;Schaerer et al 2020;Fudamoto et al 2020;Fujimoto et al 2020;Dessauges-Zavadsky et al 2020;Yan et al 2020;Loiacono et al 2020;Gruppioni et al 2020;Romano et al 2020) 14 . Notes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

Béthermin

Fudamoto

Ginolfi

et al. 2020

A&A

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154

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The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the [CII] 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z = 4.4 and z = 5.9. It represents the first large [CII] statistical sample built in this redshift range. We present details regarding the data processing and the construction of the catalogs. We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum. To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates (SFRs), we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 μm rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (LIR) after constraining the dust spectral energy distribution by stacking a photometric sample similar to ALPINE in ancillary single-dish far-infrared data. We found that our continuum detections have a median LIR of 4.4 × 1011 L⊙. We also detected 57 additional continuum sources in our ALMA pointings. They are at a lower redshift than the ALPINE targets, with a mean photometric redshift of 2.5 ± 0.2. We measured the 850 μm number counts between 0.35 and 3.5 mJy, thus improving the current interferometric constraints in this flux density range. We found a slope break in the number counts around 3 mJy with a shallower slope below this value. More than 40% of the cosmic infrared background is emitted by sources brighter than 0.35 mJy. Finally, we detected the [CII] line in 75 of our targets. Their median [CII] luminosity is 4.8 × 108 L⊙ and their median full width at half maximum is 252 km s−1. After measuring the mean obscured SFR in various [CII] luminosity bins by stacking ALPINE continuum data, we find a good agreement between our data and the local and predicted SFR–L[CII] relations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

Béthermin

Fudamoto

Ginolfi

et al. 2020

A&A

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201

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“…Finally, S665626 does not present any counterpart in any other band apart from K-band UltraVista image (Romano et al 2020). This source was studied in detail by Romano et al (2020) and their modeling seems to favor a [C II] interpretation rather than a CO line. Follow-up observations are needed to unambiguously confirm the nature of these four sources.…”

Section: [C IImentioning

confidence: 85%

“…We also cannot rule out that the emission in the photometric images is produced by a foreground source that is not related to the ALMA detection (see also Pavesi et al 2018). Finally, S665626 does not present any counterpart in any other band apart from K-band UltraVista image (Romano et al 2020). This source was studied in detail by Romano et al (2020) and their modeling seems to favor a [C II] interpretation rather than a CO line.…”

Section: [C IImentioning

confidence: 91%

The ALPINE–ALMA [C II] survey

Loiacono

Decarli²,

Gruppioni³

et al. 2021

A&A

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We present the first [C II] 158 μm luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 5 from a sample of serendipitous lines detected in the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times (ALPINE). A study of the 118 ALPINE pointings revealed several serendipitous lines. Based on their fidelity, we selected 14 lines for the final catalog. According to the redshift of their counterparts, we identified eight out of 14 detections as [C II] lines at z ∼ 5, along with two as CO transitions at lower redshifts. The remaining four lines have an elusive identification in the available catalogs and we considered them as [C II] candidates. We used the eight confirmed [C II] and the four [C II] candidates to build one of the first [C II] LFs at z ∼ 5. We found that 11 out of these 12 sources have a redshift very similar to that of the ALPINE target in the same pointing, suggesting the presence of overdensities around the targets. Therefore, we split the sample in two (a “clustered” and “field” subsample) according to their redshift separation and built two separate LFs. Our estimates suggest that there could be an evolution of the [C II] LF between z ∼ 5 and z ∼ 0. By converting the [C II] luminosity to the star-formation rate, we evaluated the cosmic star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z ∼ 5. The clustered sample results in a SFRD ∼10 times higher than previous measurements from UV–selected galaxies. On the other hand, from the field sample (likely representing the average galaxy population), we derived a SFRD ∼1.6 higher compared to current estimates from UV surveys but compatible within the errors. Because of the large uncertainties, observations of larger samples will be necessary to better constrain the SFRD at z ∼ 5. This study represents one of the first efforts aimed at characterizing the demography of [C II] emitters at z ∼ 5 using a mm selection of galaxies.

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“…Because the two serendipitously detected lines associated with unidentified continuum sources are in the same side band as the [C II] 158 µm emission of the ALPINE targets in the same pointings, they are likely [C II] as well (see e.g. Jones et al 2020;Romano et al 2020). This provided us with a spectroscopic redshift estimate for two sources without any catalogue counterparts, leaving us with six sources with neither catalogue matches nor redshift estimates.…”

Section: Catalogue Matchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Franco et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Yamaguchi et al 2019), although, despite them being unlikely spurious ALMA detections (e.g. Williams et al 2019;Romano et al 2020), some remain undetected even in IRAC maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey

Gruppioni

Béthermin

Loiacono

et al. 2020

A&A

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225

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Aims. We present the detailed characterisation of a sample of 56 sources serendipitously detected in ALMA band 7 as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate CII at Early Times (ALPINE). These sources, detected in COSMOS and ECDFS, have been used to derive the total infrared luminosity function (LF) and to estimate the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) up to z ≃ 6. Methods. We looked for counterparts of the ALMA sources in all the available multi-wavelength (from HST to VLA) and photometric redshift catalogues. We also made use of deeper UltraVISTA and Spitzer source lists and maps to identify optically dark sources with no matches in the public catalogues. We used the sources with estimated redshifts to derive the 250 μm rest-frame and total infrared (8–1000 μm) LFs from z ≃ 0.5 to 6. Results. Our ALMA blind survey (860 μm flux density range: ∼0.3–12.5 mJy) allows us to further push the study of the nature and evolution of dusty galaxies at high-z, identifying luminous and massive sources to redshifts and faint luminosities never probed before by any far-infrared surveys. The ALPINE data are the first ones to sample the faint end of the infrared LF, showing little evolution from z ≃ 2.5 to z ≃ 6, and a “flat” slope up to the highest redshifts (i.e. 4.5 < z < 6). The SFRD obtained by integrating the luminosity function remains almost constant between z ≃ 2 and z ≃ 6, and significantly higher than the optical or ultra-violet derivations, showing a significant contribution of dusty galaxies and obscured star formation at high-z. About 14% of all the ALPINE serendipitous continuum sources are found to be optically and near-infrared (near-IR) dark (to a depth Ks ∼ 24.9 mag). Six show a counterpart only in the mid-IR and no HST or near-IR identification, while two are detected as [C II] emitters at z ≃ 5. The six HST+near-IR dark galaxies with mid-IR counterparts are found to contribute about 17% of the total SFRD at z ≃ 5 and to dominate the high-mass end of the stellar mass function at z > 3.

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The ALPINE−ALMA [C ii] Survey: on the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy

Cited by 25 publications

References 127 publications

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

The ALPINE–ALMA [C II] survey

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey

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