The amber nano fibers development prospects to expand the capabilites of textile 3D printing in the general process of fabrication methods

Abstract

The amber nano fibres are bio-active composites which could be applied in three-dimensional printing. The idea of using the amber for creating a new 3D printing material, including technological composition of the innovative amber nano and micro fibres is based on the hypothesis that organic compounds of succinite have an effective impact on living cells, including reparative, stimulating, for sedative effects as well protective properties from electro-magnetic field. To produce amber nano fibres, bioactive components were used that were isolated from the succinite and tested (in vitro) in the scientific laboratories. Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology, which has been initially used to design and generate three-dimensional structures mainly for transplantation therapies. This process, which can be used for a variety of polymers, is becoming an increasingly essential component of biotechnological advancements. This article discusses the foundations of this technology, namely the processes used in conventional three-dimensional printing; it also discusses tissue engineering, a discipline of which new implementations of this technology are used as bio printing. The shortcomings of tissue engineering are addressed, including the failure of existing technology to manufacture nanofiber-based constructs used in blood vessels, cartilage, artery valves, tendon, cardiac muscle valves, muscle, and cornea. From this need for nanofiber processing, electrospinning is proposed as a possible roadmap for imminent tissue engineering threedimensional printing technologies, and finally, the latest integration of this technology with three-dimensional printing is addressed, highlighting the existing shortcomings in maintaining mandatory nano resolutions.

The Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Reinforced with PA6 Electrospun Nanofibers

“…There are several methods for producing nanofibers, including jet blowing, melt blowing, coextrusion, interfacial polymerization, and electrospinning [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Among these approaches, electrospinning has been extensively used to create polymer nanofibers, nanocomposites, as well as nanofibers containing different nanoparticles [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], graphene [ 25 ], graphene oxide [ 26 ], and carbon nanotubes [ 27 ] for different applications, such as biomedical [ 28 , 29 ], energy conversation [ 30 ], and tissue engineering [ 31 , 32 ]. Furthermore, the use of an electrospun thermoplastic nanofiber mats to toughen the glass/carbon epoxy laminated composites without degrading the in-plane mechanical properties and without considerably increasing the laminate thickness and weight has emerged as a promising technology [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Annealed Oriented PAN Nanofibers

“…Electrospinning is a low-cost method for producing polymer fibers with diameters ranging from tens to a few hundred nanometers. Electrospun nanofibers are used as optical materials [ 1 ], sensor materials [ 2 ], nanocomposites [ 3 , 4 ], tissue scaffolds [ 5 ], wound treatment [ 6 ], drug delivery technologies [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], filtration [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], protective gear [ 14 ], and smart textiles [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Testing the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Reinforced with Succinite and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

“…Different fiberreinforcement options are used in various fields [1][2][3][4][5], including the use of various materials and technologies [6][7][8][9]. Due to its superior physical characteristics, such as low density, thermal constancy, high strength, and modulus of elasticity, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a commercially important semicrystalline polymer [10,11]. The fabrication of PAN composites, also known as polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), is a relatively new area of study that has the potential to considerably enhance the mechanical characteristics of PAN.…”