The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure

Jetti, Raghu; Raghuveer, Vasudeva C.; Rao, Mallikarjuna C; Somayaji, Nagabhooshana; Babu, Prakash Billakanti

doi:10.2478/intox-2013-0032

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…VitC treatment prevented the generation of free radicals and improved learning and memory performance in animal models of chronic stress (Heo et al, 2013;Kumar et al, 2009;Tagliari et al, 2011). Treatment with VitC also restored learning and memory functions in rats exposed to fluoride (Raghu et al, 2013), and melamine (An and Zhang, 2014) via reducing the production of free-radicals from the hippocampus. Supplementation with VitC reduces or prevents memory impairment associated with diseases/conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (Harrison et al, 2009), and aging (Fotuhi et al, 2008;Kennard and Harrison, 2014;Yang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It was shown to reduce learning and memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's diseases (Harrison et al, 2009), chronic stress (Heo et al, 2013;Kumar et al, 2009;Tagliari et al, 2011), diabetes (Bhutada et al, 2011;Hasanein and Shahidi, 2010), exposure to fluoride (Raghu et al, 2013), and melamine (An and Zhang, 2014), and the aging process (Fotuhi et al, 2008;Kennard and Harrison, 2014;Yang et al, 2010). In the current study, the possible preventive effect of VitC on impairment of memory induced by chronic sleep deprivation was examined.…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Exploring the effect of vitamin C on sleep deprivation induced memory impairment

Mhaidat

Alzoubi

Khabour

et al. 2015

Brain Research Bulletin

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 96%

Exploring the effect of vitamin C on sleep deprivation induced memory impairment

Mhaidat

Alzoubi

Khabour

et al. 2015

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…The same issues raised in developmentalexposure studies hinder interpretation of behavioral data from adult exposure, that is, secondary effects due to changes in motor or sensory function that could impair the animal's ability to perform the task. Findings from T-maze, Y-maze, passive avoidance tests, and active avoidance tests supported an effect on learning and memory at 2.71 to 100 ppm but were considered lowlevel-of-evidence due to concerns for indirectness described above and risk of bias (lack of blinding at outcome assessment and characterization of the test compound) Li et al 2015;Niu et al 2008;Raghu et al 2013;Shen et al 2004;Sun et al 2008;Wang et al 2006;Wu et al 2006;Xu et al 2001;Zhang et al 2013;Zhang et al 1999). Additional studies targeted to address these issues are required to achieve higher confidence in learning or memory impairments.…”

Section: Exposure During Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on variability in the control groups, these group sizes were considered statistically underpowered to detect <10% or <20% change from controls for most behavioral endpoints. When measured, the baseline concentration of fluoride in control drinking water ranged from 0.23 to 1 ppm Gao et al 2009a;Gao et al 2008b;Liu et al 2010;Raghu et al 2013).…”

Section: Exposure During Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

NTP Research Report on Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Fluoride on Learning and Memory in Animal Studies

2016

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Background: Previous systematic reviews of epidemiology studies have found support for a geographical association between high levels of naturally occurring fluoride in water (>1.5 ppm) and lower IQ in children. Most of the evidence from humans is from fluoride-endemic regions having higher background levels of fluoride compared to the fluoride concentrations historically used in community water fluoridation programs (0.7-1.2 ppm). Confidence in this body of evidence is limited, primarily due to poor reporting quality, lack of consideration of confounding (e.g., nutritional status, socioeconomic status, iodine deficiency), and concern for co-exposures to relatively high levels of other known neurotoxicants such as lead or arsenic. A systematic review of experimental animal studies could help in interpreting the human evidence. Objective: To investigate whether fluoride exposure has detrimental impacts on neurobehavior in laboratory animal studies, prioritizing assessment of learning and memory outcomes. Confidence in the body of evidence was assessed according to one of four statements: (1) High, (2) Moderate, (3) Low, or (4) Very Low/No Evidence Available. Methods: We included experimental animal studies that used mammalian species (whole organism) exposed during development or adulthood, which compared the effects of oral exposure to various fluoride concentrations to vehicle controls on neurobehavioral responses. The principal outcomes were learning and memory, but other neurobehavioral studies were included (e.g., anxiety, motor activity, aggression, sexual behavior). Studies assessing brainrelated cellular, morphometric or histological endpoints were considered beyond the scope of this analysis. A literature search was performed up to January 14, 2016, using PubMed, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and several specialized databases. There were no date or language restrictions, and unpublished data and abstracts were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, exposure characterization, health outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. Results: The database searches yielded 4,643 unique records and 13 records were identified from other sources. Of the 4,656 studies, we identified 68 studies using mice or rats and testing drinking water or dietary concentrations of 0.45 to 272 ppm fluoride (0.12 to 40 mg/kg-d). Most included studies were published after 2000. Forty-eight studies addressed learning and memory, 16 of which assessed exposure during development.

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“…In earlier studies, researchers attempted to treat a variety of diseases with antioxidants, which acts through scavenging free radicals. In previous reports, for example, Ginkgo biloba extract, [17] quercetin, [18] resveratrol, [19] Vitamin E, [20] Vitamin C, [17] curcumin, [21] tamarind fruit pulp, [22,23] and silymarin [24] were used to scavenge free radicals. All these observations suggesting that the involvement of ROS in the pathogenesis of several diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and a possibility of the therapeutic use of free radical scavengers and antioxidants in the prevention of free radical-mediated neurological disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Reddy¹

2019

IJGP

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Aim: Fluoride at higher concentrations affects various soft tissues, including brain, heart, kidney, and other tissues in addition to dental and skeletal systems. Particularly, in brain it induces various complications such as oxidative stress, alters in the levels of neurotransmitters, and histological changes. The aim of the present study is to report the protective effects of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract against sodium fluoride-induced neurohistological changes with particular emphasis on myelin degeneration, cell shape, size, and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as aspartate alterations. In addition, antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), spatial navigation, and learning ability were observed. Materials and Methods: The pregnancy confirmed Wistar rats were segregated into six groups, five subjects for each and doses started from 1 st day of pregnancy. Control group received normal tap water, fluoride group fed on 20 ppm fluoridated water, 3 rd group treated with NaF (20 ppm) + A. moschatus aqueous extract (AMAE) (300 mg/kg b. wt.), 4 th group received NaF (20 ppm) + A. moschatus ethanolic extract (AMEE) (300 mg/kg b. wt.), and 5 th and 6 th groups treated with AMAE and AMEE alone. Treatment continued for 51 days (21 gestational and 30 postnatal days [PND]).On PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 rat pups were sacrificed, dissected out the brain and used to assess antioxidants, GABA, aspartate and also used for histological studies. Days 21 and 30, rats were used to behavioral studies before they sacrificed. Results and Discussion: The decreased learning ability is observed in NaF exposed rats compared to control and protective groups of rats. GSH-Px activity is increased and SOD activity is decreased in fluoride received rats. Moreover, GABA and aspartate levels are increased (P < 0.001). The GABA, aspartate, and myelin have a crucial role in the maturation of brain. Decreased neural connections, networks, dendritic branches, and degenerating myelin sheath are observed in NaF intoxicated rats through H and E stain and luxol fast blue stain. These all are reverted on the administration of AMAE and AMEE toward NaF toxicity. AMEE showed good results over AMAE. Conclusion: It is concluded that the seed extract of A. moschatus possesses neuroprotective effects against fluoride toxicity.

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The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Exploring the effect of vitamin C on sleep deprivation induced memory impairment

Exploring the effect of vitamin C on sleep deprivation induced memory impairment

NTP Research Report on Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Fluoride on Learning and Memory in Animal Studies

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