The ameliorative effect of clove oil against the hepatotoxicity induced via  cadmium exposure in rats.

Abstract

Cadmium considered a widely distributed toxic heavy metal in the environment that affects various organs of animals and humans through the induction of oxidative stress. Clove oil of plant origin; is one of the most effective aromatic antioxidants due to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition to its antioxidant effects, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. To study the effect of clove oil against Cd toxicity, Four groups contained 5 rats each: group A (control), group B (15 mg\kg CdCl2), group C (clove oil 200mg\kg), group D (CdCl2 15 mg/kg + clove oil 200 mg\kg). All the groups swallowed by gastric lavage for 30 days. Then, all rats were sacrificed; liver tissues and blood samples were collected. The results revealed that Cd-induced hematological abnormalities with prominent anemia and hepatic damage through increasing the activities of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and the levels of direct and total bilirubin. On the other hand, levels of total protein and albumin were decreased. The hepatic antioxidant profiles exhibited decreased SOD, catalase enzyme, GST, and GSH. Meanwhile, the MDA level was increased. Inflammation of liver caused by cadmium reflected by the increased levels of TNF-α and caspase 3. Interestingly, clove oil ameliorated the Cd-induced toxicity in rats.