The American Dental Association Caries Classification System for Clinical Practice

Young, Douglas A.; Nový, Brian B.; Zeller, Gregory G.; Hale, Robert G.; Hart, Thomas C.; Truelove, Edmond L.; Ekstrand, Kim R.; Featherstone, J.D.B.; Fontana, Margherita; Ismaïl, Amid I.; Kuehne, John C.; Longbottom, Christopher; Pitts, Nigel; Sarrett, David C.; Wright, Tim; Mark, Anita M.; Beltrán-Aguilar, Eugenio D.

doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2014.11.018

Cited by 175 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Dental caries is a multifactorial disease of the oral cavity caused by an alteration in the composition of the bacterial plaque, leading to an imbalance between the demineralization and remineralization cycle, which clinically manifests as a cavitated/ noncavitated carious lesion. 1,2 The comparison between the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data reported for the phases between 1999 and 2004 and 2011 and 2012 revealed that the prevalence of dental caries has declined and this waning was not been uniform across age groups, sociodemographic status, and the tooth surface sites. 3,4 Further analysis of the susceptibility on tooth surface sites indicated that the drop was observed more in the smooth surfaces than on the occlusal surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dawn of a New Age Fissure Sealant? A Study Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Embrace WetBond and ART Sealants: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Haricharan

Barad

Patil³

et al. 2019

Eur J Dent

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Objectives The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the clinical performance of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealant versus Embrace WetBond sealant in terms of retention and fissure caries prevention among a section of school children in the southern Indian state of Karnataka (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02716558). Materials and Methods After obtaining consent from the parents and screening the children against the inclusion cum exclusion criteria, 90 school children whose mandibular first molars were caries free and with a well-defined pit and fissure system were recruited for this spilt mouth trial. The respective molars were allocated either to the ART sealant or the embrace group after the randomization process. The sealants were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions and followed up at the end of 3rd, 6th, and 12th month, respectively. The outcome measures assessed were the retention and the caries preventive effects of the materials. Results At the end of the 6th month, about one-fourth of the sealants in either group remained totally intact, without evidence of caries. No significant differences were seen between the sealants either in terms of retention or caries preventive benefits at the end of 12 months. Statistical Analysis The chi-squared test was used to check differences in proportions. The significance value was set at <0.05. Kappa test was performed to assess the intraexaminer reproducibility with respect to retention and caries status. Conclusion The moisture-tolerant resin sealant could not replicate the physical properties usually associated with conventional resin sealants. The usage of ART sealants was deemed to be less cumbersome in an outreach setting as observed in this trial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dawn of a New Age Fissure Sealant? A Study Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Embrace WetBond and ART Sealants: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Haricharan

Barad

Patil³

et al. 2019

Eur J Dent

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“…These rat model data further demonstrate that the physiological state change of the biofilm due to plasma treatment provided the benefit to caries control and prevention. In clinical, 0% to 50% ADA (American Dental Association) CCS (Caries Classification System) initial pit-and-fissure caries lesions could exhibit histologic dentin penetration, and 50% to 88% ADA CCS moderate pit-andfissure caries lesion may penetrate histologically to dentin [45] and thus cause permanent damages to tooth structure. Considering these probabilities, the much less decayed surfaces and lower caries rates observed on plasma-treated rat molars indicate that the non-thermal plasmas technology could be used as an innovative solution to treat and control oral diseases caused by biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro and in vivo study of plasma treatment effects on oral biofilms

Hong

Dong

Chen

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Management of dental plaque/biofilms is critical to maintain oral health. The objective of this study is to investigate the treatment effects of non-thermal atmospheric gas plasmas on oral biofilm formation and recovery under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Streptococcus mutans biofilms, a significant contributor to tooth decay, were cultured and treated by plasma. It was found that plasma treatment not only significantly reduced the in vitro biofilms, but also increased the metabolic activity of the bacteria in the biofilms. As compared with untreated control group, the cell metabolic activity, as measured by MTT assay, increased by 273%, and the aconitase activity increased by 446% for the plasma-treated group. The increased metabolic activity of the plasma-treated biofilm bacteria enhanced their susceptibility to antibiotic and host defense. An in vivo animal model using a total of 60 female rats (19 days old) were used to evaluate the anti-caries effects on the molars by 2 min of plasma treatment. It was found that, 6 months after the plasma treatment, the decayed surfaces were reduced by 62.5% on the upper molars and by 31.6% on the lower molars as compared with the untreated upper and lower molars, respectively. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the physiological state change of the biofilm due to plasma treatment provided benefit to caries control and prevention.

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“…To simulate soft tissues, three Perspex panels (with a total dimension of 15 mm; Perspex Distribution, Chelmsford, UK) were fixed between tube and tooth as described previously [33,39]. Subsequently, the radiological lesion depths were examined and consented by three examiners (AMK, IBU, MRL) using a six-point classification system [54]; only teeth revealing either E2 (translucency in the inner half of enamel) or D1 lesions (translucency in the outer third of dentin) were chosen. A flowchart presenting the study set-up is given with…”

Section: Visual and Radiographic Selection Of Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo investigation on internal tunnel approach/internal resin infiltration and external nanosilver-modified resin infiltration of proximal caries exceeding into dentin

Kielbassa¹,

Leimer²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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This ex vivo proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the effect of nanosilver particles (AgNP) added to a conventional infiltrant resin (Icon) on external penetration into natural proximal enamel caries exceeding into dentin after internal tunnel preparation and internal infiltration. Carious lesions (ICDAS codes 2/3) of extracted human (pre-)molars revealing proximal caries radiographically exceeding into dentin (E2/D1 lesions) were preselected. Then, 48 of those specimens showing demineralized areas transcending the enamel-dentin border as assessed by means of near-infrared light transillumination (DIAGNOcam) were deproteinized (NaOCl, 5%). Using an internal tunnel approach, occlusal cavities central to the marginal ridge were prepared. Excavation of carious dentin, total etch procedure (H 3 PO 4 , 40%), and internal resin infiltration (FITC-labeled) followed, along with final restorations (flowable composite resin). Outer lesion surfaces were etched (HCl, 15%) prior to external infiltration (RITC-labeled). Group 1 (control; n = 24) used non-modified infiltrant, while an infiltrant/ AgNP mixture (20 nm; 5.5 wt%) was used with experimental Group 2 (n = 24). Non-infiltrated pores of cut lesions were stained (Berberine), and specimens were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Compared to the non-filled infiltrant, incorporation of AgNP had no effect on the resin's external penetration. Between the groups, no significant differences regarding internal or external infiltration could be detected, and non-infiltrated lesion areas did not differ significantly (p>0.109; t-test). The internal tunnel preparation in combination with both an internal resin infiltration and an additional external infiltration approach using a nanosilver-modified infiltrant resin leads to increased infiltrated lesion areas, thus occluding and adhesively stabilizing the porous volume of the demineralized enamel. While exerting antimicrobial effects by the nanosilver particles, this approach should have the potential as a viable treatment alternative for proximal lesions extending into dentin, thus avoiding the sacrifice of sound enamel, postponing the frequently inevitable restoration/re-restoration cycle of conventional proximal caries treatment, and improving dental health.

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The American Dental Association Caries Classification System for Clinical Practice

Cited by 175 publications

References 21 publications

Dawn of a New Age Fissure Sealant? A Study Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Embrace WetBond and ART Sealants: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Dawn of a New Age Fissure Sealant? A Study Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Embrace WetBond and ART Sealants: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

An in vitro and in vivo study of plasma treatment effects on oral biofilms

Ex vivo investigation on internal tunnel approach/internal resin infiltration and external nanosilver-modified resin infiltration of proximal caries exceeding into dentin

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