The American Psychological Association's response to Brown v. Board of Education: The case of Kenneth B. Clark.

Benjamin, Ludy T.; Crouse, Ellen M.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.1.38

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Perhaps one of the greatest events was the combined advocacy effort of individual psychologists working with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in response to the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case in 1954 (Benjamin & Crouse, 2002). Awareness of these accomplishments is important to understanding psychology's roots in public and social advocacy and to provide Professional advocacy Social justice advocacy Public policy advocacy Figure 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Identifying perceived personal barriers to public policy advocacy within psychology.

Heinowitz¹,

Brown²,

Langsam³

et al. 2012

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Public policy advocacy within the profession of psychology appears to be limited and in its infancy.Various hypothesized barriers to advocacy within the field are analyzed in this study. Findings indicate that those who advocate do so regardless of whether the issue is specific to the profession of psychology or specific to another field. Furthermore, several components, including disinterest, uncertainty, and unawareness, were identified as barriers to advocacy. However, all barriers were subsumed by a lack of awareness of public policy issues. By identifying barriers to advocacy in psychology, programs promoting advocacy could be fine-tuned to address the lack of knowledge, which inhibits students, professionals, and clinicians from engaging in the essential role of public policy advocacy.

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

Identifying perceived personal barriers to public policy advocacy within psychology.

Heinowitz¹,

Brown²,

Langsam³

et al. 2012

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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“…Roger Russell (1956), Executive Secretary of the APA, wrote to former SPSSI President Stuart Cook, saying that he had already heard about the McGurk article from the Associated Press, who wanted a response from the APA; the APA position was to find an expert to reply, in this case, Cook (see Benjamin & Crouse, 2002). Russell noted that "Lee Cronbach wrote me recently saying 'It is my impression that McGurk's interpretation of his own data is sound enough that it can only be contradicted by other data or by very involved statistical reasoning.'"…”

Section: Neutrality and Iq Test Scoresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Value Neutrality andSPSSI: The Quest for Policy, Purity, and Legitimacy

Winston

2011

Journal of Social Issues

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I describe how the problem of "value neutrality" remained a central issue for SPSSI from the founding of the organization to the 1960s, as SPSSI leaders worked to maintain legitimacy in both scientific and public spheres. In 1930s psychology, notions of objectivity and political neutrality were intertwined in ways that produced substantial debate over SPSSI's aims. Under pressures from anticommunism and changes in public and private funding for research, the problem of neutrality intensified by the 1950s. In this new climate, the need to demonstrate value neutrality was a powerful constraint on the ability of SPSSI to respond to resurgent scientized racism after the Supreme Court Brown decision.From the founding of SPSSI, the problem of "value neutrality" has been a critical source of tension for the organization and its leaders. This tension was evident in the earliest communications, such as Gordon Allport's (1936) warning to SPSSI founder Isadore Krechevsky that the new group might be viewed as having "predetermined policies" and as unable to "pursue facts in an unbiased way." Intertwined with the discourse of "objectivity," the problem of value neutrality has been implicit and often explicit in discussion of SPSSI's aims, policy statements, and quest for legitimacy in the public arena (

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“…It has helped us to improve the well-being of emergent ingroup members in schools (Aronson & Patnoe, 1997), workplaces (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974), and courtrooms (Fiske, Bersoff, Borgida, Deaux, & Heilman, 1991). Some successes were truly historic, such as in the US Supreme Court's 1954 Brown versus Board of Education decision that struck down legalized segregation in public schools (Benjamin & Crouse, 2002). Without a doubt, support for emergent ingroup members has benefited the field and society more generally.…”

Section: Effects On Scientific Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social psychological research on prejudice as collective action supporting emergent ingroup members

Ferguson

Branscombe

Reynolds

2018

British J Social Psychol

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Why does social psychological research on prejudice change across time? We argue that scientific change is not simply a result of empirical evidence, technological developments, or social controversies, but rather emerges out of social change‐driven shifts in how researchers categorize themselves and others within their larger societies. As mainstream researchers increasingly recategorize former outgroup members as part of a novel ingroup, prejudice research shifts in support of emergent ingroup members against their emergent outgroup opponents. Although social change‐driven science results in valuable opportunities for researchers, it also results in significant risks for research – collective, scientific biases in the inclusion and exclusion of social groups in prejudice research that are not readily detected or managed by traditional controls. We present the Emergent Ingroup Model (EIM) to encourage reflection on shared biases, as well as to spark a broader conversation on how to strengthen our field for a rapidly changing and increasingly global world.

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The American Psychological Association's response to Brown v. Board of Education: The case of Kenneth B. Clark.

Cited by 44 publications

References 69 publications

Identifying perceived personal barriers to public policy advocacy within psychology.

Identifying perceived personal barriers to public policy advocacy within psychology.

Value Neutrality andSPSSI: The Quest for Policy, Purity, and Legitimacy

Social psychological research on prejudice as collective action supporting emergent ingroup members

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