The anaemia of Plasmodium vivax malaria

Douglas, Nicholas M.; Anstey, Nicholas M.; Buffet, Pierre; Poespoprodjo, Jeanne Rini; Yeo, Tsin Wen; White, Nicholas J.; Price, Ric N.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-135

Cited by 199 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…However, the patterns on the rest of the country are not that similar at a visual inspection, and this is evidenced in a low correlation coefficient between these two variables (Spearman ρ=0.3). Some correlation between these two variables is to be expected, however, because malaria is frequently associated with anaemia (Douglas et al, 2012;Menendez et al, 2000). The other socioeconomic indicators showed patterns that differ from that of malaria incidence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda

Colón‐González¹,

Tompkins²,

Biondi³

et al. 2016

Geospat Health

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We investigate the short-term effects of air temperature, rainfall, and socioeconomic indicators on malaria incidence across Rwanda and Uganda from 2002 to 2011. Delayed and nonlinear effects of temperature and rainfall data are estimated using generalised additive mixed models with a distributed lag nonlinear specification. A time series cross-validation algorithm is implemented to select the best subset of socioeconomic predictors and to define the degree of smoothing of the weather variables. Our findings show that trends in malaria incidence agree well with variations in both temperature and rainfall in both countries, although factors other than climate seem to play an important role too. The estimated short-term effects of air temperature and precipitation are nonlinear, in agreement with previous research and the ecology of the disease. These effects are robust to the effects of temporal correlation. The effects of socioeconomic data are difficult to ascertain and require further evaluation with longer time series. Climate-informed models had lower error estimates compared to models with no climatic information in 77 and 60% of the districts in Rwanda and Uganda, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of using climatic information in the analysis of malaria surveillance data, and show potential for the development of climateinformed malaria early warning systems. IntroductionDespite the global contraction in range over the past century , malaria still imposes a significant health and socioeconomic burden to many countries (WHO, 2013). The World Health Organization estimates that about 3.4 billion people are at risk of malaria (WHO, 2013). Approximately 207 million cases and 627,000 deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide (WHO, 2013). About 90% of the total mortality occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, and 77% of that percentage happens in children under 5 years of age (WHO, 2013). Two countries significantly affected by malaria are Rwanda and Uganda. Malaria has long been considered the main cause of morbidity and mortality in both countries (NISR, MOH and ICF International, 2012; UBOS and ICF International, 2012). Over the period 2002 to 2011, more than five million malaria cases were reported in Rwanda to government health facilities. The number was significantly greater in Uganda with about 100 million reports of suspected malaria cases between 2002 and 2010.Trends in malaria incidence could be attributed to the complex interplay of a range of determinants including climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors (Kazembe et al., 2006;Lowe et al., 2013;Rulisa et al., 2013). Statistical models are useful tools that allow us: i) to understand how disease outcomes change as a function of variations in their key driver; and ii) to predict disease outcomes based on the dynamics of such drivers (James et al., 2013). This paper aims to investigate the ways in which malaria incidence varies as a function of short-term changes in air temperature and rainfall over the period [2002][2003][2004][2005][...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda

Colón‐González¹,

Tompkins²,

Biondi³

et al. 2016

Geospat Health

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“…Other factors, including immunological mechanisms with destruction of nRBCs or dysregulation and/or suppression of erythropoiesis, could be the mechanistic factors involved as previously proposed. 2,47 Iron deficiencies have also been identified as an important cause of anemia in populations living in malaria-endemic areas. 4,48 Interestingly, a high percentage of microcytic anemia (60%) has been reported in Colombian adults with malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria-Related Anemia in Patients from Unstable Transmission Areas in Colombia

Lopez-Perez¹,

Álvarez²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Information about the prevalence of malarial anemia in areas of low-malaria transmission intensity, like Latin America, is scarce. To characterize the malaria-related anemia, we evaluated 929 malaria patients from three sites in Colombia during 2011-2013. Plasmodium vivax was found to be the most prevalent species in Tierralta (92%), whereas P. falciparum was predominant in Tumaco (84%) and Quibdó (70%). Although severe anemia (hemoglobin 7 g/dL) was almost absent (0.3%), variable degrees of non-severe anemia were observed in 36.9% of patients. In Tierralta, hemoglobin levels were negatively associated with days of illness. Moreover, in Tierralta and Quibdó , the number of previous malaria episodes and hemoglobin levels were positively associated. Both Plasmodium species seem to have similar potential to induce malarial anemia with distinct cofactors at each endemic setting. The target age in these low-transmission settings seems shifting toward adolescents and young adults. In addition, previous malaria experience seems to induce protection against anemia development. Altogether, these data suggest that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are likely preventing more frequent and serious malaria-related anemia in Colombia.

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“…The present results showed that during blood stage propagation and development of PbANKA, % Hct level was markedly decreased and infected mice would die from severe hemolysis and anemia. The hemolysis induced by malaria infection is proposed to be a consequence of parasite development in RBC and exacerbated RBC membrane against products of oxidative stress releasing during infection [2,3]. Moreover, RBC destruction during blood stage of infection accumulates high levels of toxic free heme in circulation that, in turn, has the ability Anti-hemolytic activity of Siamese neem tree extract against Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 90% of deaths occur within the continent of Africa, mainly among young children [2]. Malaria-associated hemolysis, one of the major life-threatening wellknown causes of death in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria, occurs between 1-4% of hospitalized adult with a mortality that can reach up to 45% [3]. The pathogenesis of malaria-associated hemolysis is multifactorial and not well characterized, but several hypotheses suggest involvement of cytoadherence of infected red blood cells (iRBC), proinflammatory response as well as hemolysis due to oxidative stress [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-hemolysis of Aqueous Crude Extract of Siamese Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Somsak¹,

Chachiyo²

2015

Malaria Contr Elimination

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Malaria-associated hemolysis is associated with mortality in malaria patients. It has been speculated that oxidative stress and inflammation induced by parasite infection and propagation are involved in its pathophysiology. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-hemolysis of Siamese neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extracts against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Leaf aqueous crude extract of Siamese neem tree was prepared using hot water method and used for oral treatment in mice. ICR mice were infected with 1×107 infected red blood cells of P. berghei ANKA by intraperitoneal injection and given the extracts (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) for 4-consecutive days. To assess hemolysis, hematocrit levels were then evaluated. Hematocrit level was markedly decreased during malaria parasite propagation in mice. However, anti-hemolytic effect was observed in infected mice treated with the extracts at dose-dependent manners, especially at doses of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg. Although hemolysis was observed in pyrimethamine, antimalarial drug, treated group, but it could be protected by combination treatment of pyrimethamine with this extract. In conclusion, aqueous crude extracts of Siamese neem tree exerted anti-hemolysis induced by malaria infection and could be used as combination treatment. This plant may work as potential source in the development of variety of herbal formulations for malarial treatment.

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The anaemia of Plasmodium vivax malaria

Cited by 199 publications

References 193 publications

Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda

Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda

Malaria-Related Anemia in Patients from Unstable Transmission Areas in Colombia

Anti-hemolysis of Aqueous Crude Extract of Siamese Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

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