The anal reflex elicited by cough and sniff: validation of a neglected clinical sign

Chan, Christopher L.; Ponsford, S.; Swash, Michael

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.032110

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Experimentally, 1D systems can be realized in carbon nanotubes, 1-5 organic conductors, 6-10 transition metal oxides, 11 edge states in quantum Hall liquids, [12][13][14] semiconductor heterostructures, [15][16][17][18][19] confined atomic gases, [20][21][22] and atomic or semiconducting nanowires. Theoretically, Burke and coworkers 23,24 have shown that 1D systems can be used as a "theoretical laboratory" to study strong correlation in "real" three-dimensional (3D) chemical systems within density-functional theory.…”

Section: D Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry in one dimension

Loos

Ball

Gill

2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report benchmark results for one-dimensional (1D) atomic and molecular systems interacting via the Coulomb operator |x| −1 . Using various wavefunction-type approaches, such as Hartree-Fock theory, second-and third-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and explicitly correlated calculations, we study the ground state of atoms with up to ten electrons as well as small diatomic and triatomic molecules containing up to two electrons. A detailed analysis of the 1D helium-like ions is given and the expression of the high-density correlation energy is reported. We report the total energies, ionization energies, electron affinities and other interesting properties of the many-electron 1D atoms and, based on these results, we construct the 1D analog of Mendeleev's periodic table. We find that the 1D periodic table contains only two groups: the alkali metals and the noble gases. We also calculate the dissociation curves of various 1D diatomics and study the chemical bond in H + 2 , HeH 2+ , He 3+ 2 , H 2 , HeH + and He 2+ 2 . We find that, unlike their 3D counterparts, 1D molecules are primarily bound by one-electron bonds. Finally, we study the chemistry of H + 3 and we discuss the stability of the 1D polymer resulting from an infinite chain of hydrogen atoms.

show abstract

Section: D Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry in one dimension

Loos

Ball

Gill

2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this regime, tunneling non-linearities can be described as a direct consequence of the modulation of the density of states for the electrons in the LL (∝ (E −E F ) q−1 ). This regime was explored in pioneering experiments in CEO structures where tunneling between a metallic region and an edge state was induced [7,8].…”

Section: B Tunneling Regimes and Non-linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No localization occurs and the residual * Electronic address: roddaro@sns.it disorder only affects the electrons giving a mere phase shift. These issues stimulated much experimental effort that provided striking indications of non-Fermi physics at work for edge-states in the fractional QH regime [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Many discrepancies and inconsistencies with the χLL description however remain and the validation of the Luttinger liquid model is still not conclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-particle tunneling at a constriction in a fractional quantum Hall state

Roddaro

Pellegrini

Beltram

2004

Solid State Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Split-gate constrictions can be used to produce controllable scattering in a fractional quantum Hall state and constitute a very versatile model system for the investigation of non-Fermi physics in edge states. Controllable inter-edge tunneling can be achieved by tuning the constriction parameters and its out-of-equilibrium behavior can be explored as well. Here we review our results of tunneling non-linearities at a split-gate constriction in a wide range of temperatures and inter-edge coupling. The results are compared to available theoretical predictions of tunneling characteristics between Luttinger liquids. We show how partial agreement with these theoretical models is obtained in selected ranges of temperatures and inter-edge coupling, while striking deviations are obtained especially in the low-coupling, low-temperature regimes. A two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) regime can give rise to many "exotic" phenomena driven by electron-electron interactions [1]. Under the application of a strong magnetic field and for peculiar ratios of the charge (n) and flux quanta (n φ = eB/h) densities the 2DES undergoes transitions to insulating Hall phases. For "magic" values of the fractional filling factor ν = n φ /n the ground state excitations are expected to be fractionally charged and to obey fractional statistics [2]. In both the integer and FQH effect, bulk states are characterized by an excitation gap while the only low-energy charged excitations propagate at the edge of the quantum Hall liquid thus creating a conducting, chiral one-dimensional (1D) channel. Wen predicted [3] that the edge of a FQH phase at ν = 1/q, where q is an odd integer, should be completely equivalent to a Luttinger liquid (LL) with interaction parameter g = ν. This peculiar model is known as chiral LL (χLL) and represents one of the simplest and most remarkable conceptual examples of a non-Fermi metal.The FQH edge state is not the only electronic system that is expected to support a non-fermionic behavior. In recent years, the experimental realization of a LL has become a target of several research efforts that also explored different fabrication strategies of condensed matter systems. In particular cleaved-edge overgrowth (CEO) was used to produce clean and long quantum wires: temperature power laws as well as resonant transport were measured and compared with LL predictions [4]. Finally carbon nanotubes are emerging as a promising model system for the verification of LL physics [5,6].Edge FQH states are expected to lead to a particularly robust realization of a LL: edge channels at ν = 1/q with q odd integer, in fact, can only propagate in one direction and do not suffer from backscattering by random impurities. No localization occurs and the residual * Electronic address: roddaro@sns.it disorder only affects the electrons giving a mere phase shift. These issues stimulated much experimental effort that provided striking indications of non-Fermi physics at work for edge-states in the fractional QH...

show abstract

“…2(b). G decreases at high B due to the quantum Hall effect in the contact regions 23 . This is predicted to appear for B > 1.9 T. In the lower B field range, we observe an oscillatory behavior particularly for the two-channel transport with VG = -0.5 and -0.6 V. The sharp dip at B = 0 T is attributed to weak localization 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A triangular triple quantum dot with tunable tunnel couplings

Noiri

Kawasaki

Otsuka

et al. 2017

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A two-dimensional arrangement of quantum dots with finite inter-dot tunnel coupling provides a promising platform for studying complicated spin correlations as well as for constructing large-scale quantum computers. Here, we fabricate a tunnel-coupled triangular triple quantum dot with a novel gate geometry in which three dots are defined by positively biasing the surface gates. At the same time, the small area in the center of the triangle is depleted by negatively biasing the top gate placed above the surface gates. The size of the small center depleted area is estimated from the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation measured for the triangular channel but incorporating no gate-defined dots, with a value consistent with the design. With this approach, we can bring the neighboring gate-defined dots close enough to one another to maintain a finite inter-dot tunnel coupling. We finally confirm the presence of the inter-dot tunnel couplings in the triple quantum dot from the measurement of tunneling current through the dots in the stability diagram. We also show that the charge occupancy of each dot and that the inter-dot tunnel couplings are tunable with gate voltages. Keywords:Semiconductor quantum dot, two-dimensional array, tunnel coupling, Aharonov-Bohm oscillation 2 Introduction:

show abstract

The anal reflex elicited by cough and sniff: validation of a neglected clinical sign

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Chemistry in one dimension

Chemistry in one dimension

Quasi-particle tunneling at a constriction in a fractional quantum Hall state

A triangular triple quantum dot with tunable tunnel couplings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About