The analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models

Abstract

Objective:To study the analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Healthy albino rats (150-200 gm) of either sex were taken and divided into five groups with six animals in each group for central analgesic activity by tail flick method. Peripheral analgesic activity by 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing test by taking albino mice (20-30 gm) of either sex which were divided into three groups with six animals in each. EEPF was used in a dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight subcutaneously for tail-flick method and orally for writhing test. In tail-flick method the basal reaction time was taken and a cut-off period of 10 sec was observed. Reaction time were recorded at predrug, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after administration of drug . The standard drug used for central analgesic activity was pethidine 5 mg/kg bw, naloxone 1mg/kg as antagonist and naloxone 1mg/kg bw with 500mg/kg bw of EEPF to study the central mechanism of action. The standard drug used for peripheral analgesic activity was aspirin 100mg/kg bw orally. A control group was maintained in all the models. For anti-inflammatory study, three groups of animals of either sex (n = 6), weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study. Group A was taken as control (Normal salie, 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (EEPF 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group C as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests.Results: EEPF significantly increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.05) whereas the combination of naloxone and EEPF decreased the reaction time indicating that naloxone inhibits the analgesic effect of EEPF. In 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing EEPF reduced writhing significantly In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C in comparison with Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Paederia foetida has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11723 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12

Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management

“…There also exist reports of methanolic and hexane extracts of this herb offering an anti-nociceptive effect measured by a reduction in writhing in rats administered with acetic acid (Wang et al, 2014). A study by Das et al (2012) showed that Paederia leaf extract in ethanol had an anti-nociceptive effect by demonstrating an increase in tail flicking time, and an anti-inflammatory effect based on rat paw oedema volume reduction. A 100 mg/kg body weight oral administration of desiccated methanolic extract of Paederia foetida leaves diminished paw oedema induced by injecting turpentine oil in Swiss albino rats by 45%.…”

Do Folk Medicinal Practices of Bangladesh Have any Scientific Value? an Appraisal of Phytotherapeutic Practices of a Rural Folk Medicinal Practitioner

“…Mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [46], so the leaves can be used for neck pain or sprain. The same applies to Cissus quadrangularis, Paederia foetida and Datura metel [47][48][49]. Thus the three plants in combination can be useful against neck pain and nerve sprain.…”

Long-term oral administration of Paederia foetida decreases cytochrome P450 mRNA expression: The predictive approaches in a rat model

“…(Rubiaceae family) has been used in Thai cuisine and Thai traditional medicine for diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (Dixit, 2013;Kumar et al, 2015), diarrhea (Afroz et al, 2006), asthma (Macwan, 2010), and relieving diabetes (Kumar, 2014), in the southern region including Thailand. Phytochemical analysis revealed that P. foetida is rich in lupeol, ursolic acid, and beta-sitosterol (Dwivedi et al, 2018), which are shown to have their biological activities, including antiinflammatory (Das et al, 2012), antioxidant (Upadhyaya, 2013), antidiabetic (Morshed et al, 2012), andanticancer (Reddy et al, 2011) activities. Although the use of this plant is widespread, information about its toxicity-related issues is still limited (Reddy et al, 2011).…”