The Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Shark Cartilage Are Due to a Peptide Molecule and Are Nitric Oxide (NO) System Dependent.

Fontenele, Juvenia Bezerra; Araujo, Glaucia Bezerra; Alencar, J. W.; Viana, Glauce Socorro de Barros

doi:10.1248/bpb.20.1151

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…16) Both constituents of WSF administered orally showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in rat models. It was suggested that the smaller peptide could be responsible for these pharmacological properties of WSF.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was suggested that the smaller peptide could be responsible for these pharmacological properties of WSF. 12,16) There is some evidence supporting the idea that small quantities of intact proteins can be absorbed in the intestinal wall of animals and humans. For instance, it was shown that albumin and b-lactoglobulin are transported through the intestinal mucosal barrier using luminal and intercellular routes.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of Inhibitory Effect of Oral Shark Cartilage on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis in the Rabbit Cornea.

González

Soares

Farias

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Angiogenesis is a multistep and redundant process crucial in several physiological events and pathophysiological developments such as cancer. Since the early findings by Folkman et al. that tumor growth is dependent on new vascularization, it is now broadly accepted that solid tumors cannot grow beyond 1-2 mm without a vascular supply of oxygen and nutrients.1) Further, there is a substantial body of evidence indicating that attacking tumor neovascularization is a promising approach in the treatment of cancer.2)The acquisition of an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells requires that angiogenic factors be overexpressed and released by cancer cells and host cells. These factors include fibroblastic growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors that bind to specific receptors on the endothelial cell surface stimulating their migration and proliferation.3,4) On the other hand, the migration and organization of endothelial cells in capillary structures depend on the activity of the pericellular fibrinolytic system and the overexpression of different cellular adhesion molecules.5) All these events in the angiogenic process afford potential targets for an antiangiogenic therapy.Many compounds derived from various natural sources have been found to have antiangiogenic effects using both in vitro and in vivo models. 6) These compounds include extracts and fractions from cartilage. 7) Cartilage is an avascular tissue, and for this reason was believed to contain compounds with antiangiogenic activity. This hypothesis was first tested in 1973 by Eisenstein et al., who reported that cartilage extracted with guanidine 1 M did not resist to becoming vascularized when placed on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM).8) It was later demonstrated by Folkman and Ingber that cartilage could inhibit tumor-induced angiogenesis in the CAM model. 9) Based on those works, recent studies have shown that substances isolated from shark cartilage, for example U-995 and AE-941, inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. 10,11) Fontenele et al. recently described analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of a water soluble fraction (WSF) of shark cartilage that was attributed principally to a small peptide with a molecular weight of 2.3 KDa.12) In the latter work these in vivo pharmacological effects were observed with oral as well as intraperitoneally administration.The aims of the present study were a) to demonstrate the ability of oral shark cartilage to exert an inhibitory effect on rabbit cornea neovascularization induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and b) to examine in the same model a newly described bioactive fraction of shark cartilage for antiangiogenic activity. Several angiogenic inhibitors have been obtained from shark cartilage, some of these are currently in clinical trials for assessment of safety and therapeutic efficacy in humans. Still, shark cartilage taken orally is commonly used in alternative and complimentary medicine for various ailments including serious diseases such as cancer. Howe...

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Inhibitory Effect of Oral Shark Cartilage on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis in the Rabbit Cornea.

González

Soares

Farias

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Moreover, they showed that the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway is involved in the mechanism of action of this fraction. 23) In a recent study, we reported the antiangiogenic activity of this WSF in the rabbit cornea assay. WSF at 50 to 200 mg was incorporated into a slow-release pellet and placed inside of corneal pockets adjacent to the angiogenic stimulus.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…[22][23][24][25][26] CONCLUSIONS In this review we have shown that several in vivo and in vitro experimental studies have demonstrated that shark cartilage is a true source of biological compounds with antiangiogenic and antitumor properties. Unfortunately, those experimental findings have not been followed by reliable results in clinical trials, especially with cancer patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shark Cartilage as Source of Antiangiogenic Compounds: From Basic to Clinical Research.

González

Leyva

Moraes

2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The discovery that angiogenesis is a key condition for the growth of a tumor beyond a millimeter or two, brings about a new approach in the treatment of tumors using drugs able to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. Also, it has been realized that antiangiogenic drugs can be useful in the treatment of other pathological processes, now classified as angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Initially, cartilage was considered as a possible natural source of antiangiogenic compounds due to its known avascular nature. To date, a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested the existence of antiangiogenic and antitumor compounds in bovine and shark cartilage. However, the potential usefulness of shark cartilage in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases have not been totally accepted due to (i) unsatisfactory patient outcome in clinical trials that have used shark cartilage in cancer patients, (ii) the lack of data that correlates bioavailability with pharmacological effects using oral shark cartilage. Thus, the objective of this review is to describe the main basic and clinical investigations reported in the literature, in which the antiangiogenic and/or antitumor properties of shark cartilage or of its extracts were evaluated. Possible explanations for conflicting results are discussed as well.

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“…Results from these studies and subsequent studies have confirmed that certain derivatives of shark cartilage have anti-angiogenic properties against tumors in experimental animal studies (Gonzalez et al, 2001a). The use of shark cartilage, however, has not been limited to the treatment of cancer as it has been marketed as a therapeutic agent for a number of different diseases (Gonzalez et al, 2001b (Chen et al, 2000;Dupont et al, 1998;Felzenszwalb et al, 1998;Fontenele et al, 1997;Fontenele et al, 1996;Gingras et al, 2000;Lee and Langer, 1983;McGuire et al, 1996;Miller et al, 1998;Oikawa et al, 1990;Rabbani-Chadegani, 2008;Sheu et al, 1998). Many of these studies focused on the effect of cartilage-derived compounds on inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression in cellular and animal models and the compounds were derived from shark cartilage prepared by investigators themselves (i.e., relatively "pure" preparations), not from the commercial shark cartilage products sold as dietary supplements which in addition to cartilage may contain any number of contaminants and other tissue derivatives.…”

Section: Shark Cartilage's Troubled Historymentioning

confidence: 86%

Immunomodulation by Shark Cartilage Extracts

Merly¹

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Initial activation is likely followed by the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways resulting in activation, release, and translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor κB (Nf-κB). This dissertation research study represents the first indepth study into characterizing the bioactive component(s) of commercial shark cartilage responsible for its immunomodulating properties and defining cellular responses at the molecular level.

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The Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Shark Cartilage Are Due to a Peptide Molecule and Are Nitric Oxide (NO) System Dependent.

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Demonstration of Inhibitory Effect of Oral Shark Cartilage on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis in the Rabbit Cornea.

Demonstration of Inhibitory Effect of Oral Shark Cartilage on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis in the Rabbit Cornea.

Shark Cartilage as Source of Antiangiogenic Compounds: From Basic to Clinical Research.

Immunomodulation by Shark Cartilage Extracts

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