The Analgesic Mechanism of Processed Aconiti Tuber: The Involvement of Descending Inhibitory System

Isono, Tomoko; Oyama, Tsutomu; Asami, Akitoshi; Suzuki, Yoshito; Hayakawa, Yuki; Ikeda, Yoshiki; Noguchi, Masamichi; Omiya, Yuji

doi:10.1142/s0192415x94000115

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…[11][12][13][14] However, the thermogenic effects of PA and its active ingredients have yet to be evaluated, and thus may lead to discovery of novel drugs that can be used in hypothermia treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Processed Aconite Root Prevents Cold-Stress-Induced Hypothermia and Immuno-Suppression in Mice

Makino

Kato

Mizukami

2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Processed aconite root (PA) is a crude drug used in traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine to generate heat in interior body and dispel cold. We evaluated the effects of PA on hypothermia and reduction in the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in mice exposed to chronic cold stress. Male mice were reared at 4°C, and powdered PA was administered for 10 d as a food additive. Core body temperature of mice significantly decreased by approximately 1°C after rearing in a cold environment, and PA administration significantly restored the reduction in core body temperature in a dose-dependent manner. After 10 d, splenic NK-cell activity of cold-stressed mice was significantly reduced, and the reduction was dose-dependently recovered by PA administration. An aconitine-type alkaloid fraction prepared from PA was ineffective when administered to cold-stressed mice, and the thermogenic effect on hypothermic mice was present in the fraction containing low-molecular-weight compounds without alkaloids. In cold-stressed mice, the weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 level in BAT increased, whereas the weight of white adipose tissue decreased. The increase in UCP-1 level in BAT of cold-stressed mice was further augmented by PA treatment. These results indicate that PA exhibited a thermogenic effect on hypothermia induced by cold stress in mice by additional upregulation of UCP-1 level in BAT, which was already enhanced by hypothermia, and that the active ingredients present in PA are nonalkaloidal low-molecular-weight compounds.

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confidence: 99%

Processed Aconite Root Prevents Cold-Stress-Induced Hypothermia and Immuno-Suppression in Mice

Makino

Kato

Mizukami

2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Analgesic effect of certain herbs has been suggested to be involved in the descending pain control system. Isono et al (1994) and Omiya et al (1999) showed that antinociceptive action of Aconiti tuber is implicated in the descending pain control system. Shin et al (2003) demonstrated that Chelidonii herba increases neuronal excitability in PAG, which results in activation of descending pain control system and may contribute as a potential mechanism of the analgesic actions of Chelidonii herba.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of amygdalin on the functional recovery and c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region after sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Song³

et al. 2008

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine

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SUMMARYPeripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. The expression of c-Fos is sometimes used as a marker of increased neuronal activity. We have prepared the aqueous extract of amygdalin from Armeniacae semen for pain control. In the present study, we investigated the effects of amygdalin on the recovery rate of the locomotor function and on the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Walking track analysis for the evaluation of functional recovery and immunohistochemistry for the c-Fos expression were used in this study. In the present results, characteristic gait change with dropping of the sciatic function index (SFI) was observed and c-Fos expression in the vlPAG was suppressed following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Amygdalin enhanced SFI value and restored c-Fos expression in the vlPAG to the control value. The present our study indicated that amygdalin activates neurons in the vlPAG, and it facilitates functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury

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“…migraine, neuralgia and seizures (Murayama et al 1991;Tang and Eisenbrand 1992;Isono et al 1994). Heat-processing of the raw aconite root converts the highly toxic diester alkaloids into the less toxic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the high toxicity, preparations of Aconitum roots are widely used as analgesic and antiarrhythmic agents in Eastern medicine. The high toxicity is attributed to the acetyl group at C8, the hydroxyl group at C13, four methoxyl groups at C1, C6, C16 and C18, and the benzoylester group at C14 (Murayama et al 1991;Tang and Eisenbrand 1992;Isono et al 1994). At present, only heat-processed roots are used clinically, because the aconitine-like alkaloids are converted into much less poisonous alkaloids by removal of the ester functions (Murayama et al 1991;Tang and Eisenbrand 1992;Isono et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-dependent inhibitory action of the Aconitum alkaloids 14-benzoyltalitasamine and talitasamine in rat hippocampal slices

Ameri

1998

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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In the present study the effects of the two Aconitum alkaloids 14-benzoyltalitasamine and talitasamine on neuronal activity were investigated in order to obtain further insight into structure-dependent effects of this group of alkaloids on central nervous activity. Both alkaloids are closely related to aconitine, the main alkaloid of plants of Aconitum species. However, they have shortened side chains at position C3 and C8 of the molecule. The experiments were performed as extracellular recordings of orthodromically and antidromically evoked population spikes as well as of field excitatory potentials (EPSPs) from the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. 14-Benzoyltalitasamine exerted a reversible inhibition of the field potentials in a concentration-dependent manner. The orthodromic population spike was attenuated at concentrations higher than 1 microM, while the field EPSP was already affected at a concentration of at least 0.3 microM. Both responses were completely blocked at a concentration of 30 microM. The alkaloid failed to affect the presynaptic fiber spike at concentrations less than 10 microM. There was only a up to 30% decrease in the antidromic population spike (10-100 microM). The inhibition of the antidromic spike was increased by using a higher stimulus frequency. In contrast to 14-benzoyltalitasamine, the alkaloid talitasamine which is lacking the benzoylester side chain was a less effective inhibitor of the orthodromic population spike and even failed to affect the antidromic spike. Furthermore, the effects of the alkaloids on experimentally induced epileptiform activity was examined. While talitasamine was lacking any significant effect at concentrations less than 100 microM, 14-benzoyltalitasamine reversibly reduced both stimulus-triggered epileptiform activity in area CA1 elicited by omission of Mg2+ from the bathing medium as well as spontaneously occurring epileptiform activity in CA3 elicited by omission of Mg2+ and elevation of K+ to 5 or 8 mM. The antiepileptiform efficacy of this compound was concentration-dependent (0.3-10 microM) and manifested itself as a decrease in burst frequency as well as in burst amplitude and was significantly increased by the higher K+ concentration.

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The Analgesic Mechanism of Processed Aconiti Tuber: The Involvement of Descending Inhibitory System

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Processed Aconite Root Prevents Cold-Stress-Induced Hypothermia and Immuno-Suppression in Mice

Processed Aconite Root Prevents Cold-Stress-Induced Hypothermia and Immuno-Suppression in Mice

Effects of amygdalin on the functional recovery and c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region after sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats

Structure-dependent inhibitory action of the Aconitum alkaloids 14-benzoyltalitasamine and talitasamine in rat hippocampal slices

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