The analysis of a group of acidic pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, and potential endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater irrigated soils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Durán–Álvarez, Juan C.; Becerril-Bravo, Elías; Castro, Vanessa Silva; Jiménez, Blanca; Gibson, R. W.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2009.01.035

Cited by 143 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pressurized liquid extraction, which includes PHWE, needs the use of an inert dispersing agent in order to homogenize the samples and to fill the extraction cells (22 mL), thus minimizing the amount of solvent used during the extraction process. The most commonly used agents for extraction of organic compounds are quartz sand, siliceous earth, and sodium sulfate [4,14]. Siliceous earth was selected as a dispersing material in the experiments.…”

Section: Phwe Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slightly higher recovery percentages were observed for some compounds (fenofibrate and OC) using higher temperatures (150°C) but they were offset by a decrease in the extraction efficiency of many others (several plasticizers, fragrances…). Therefore, 100°C was selected as optimal extraction temperature; further, this value has previously been used to extract other contaminants such as surfactants [28] and persistent organic pollutants [4].…”

Section: Phwe Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EOCs are widely used in consumer goods, such as fragrances, antiseptics, and drugs for human and veterinary application. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) comprise an interesting group of EOCs that are being continuously released into the environment mainly through wastewater effluents, both treated and untreated [2,3], or run-off from biosolids applied to land [4]. This group includes pharmaceutically active compounds such as analgesics, antiinflammatories, psychiatric drugs, lipid regulators, antibiotics, antiseptics, anticonvulsants…, and personal care products such as fragrances, plasticizers, UV filters, and insect repellents....…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally friendly analysis of emerging contaminants by pressurized hot water extraction–stir bar sorptive extraction–derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

2012

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This work describes the development, optimization, and validation of a new method for the simultaneous determination of a wide range of pharmaceuticals (betablockers, lipid regulators…) and personal care products (fragrances, UV filters, phthalates…) in both aqueous and solid environmental matrices. Target compounds were extracted from sediments using pressurized hot water extraction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction. The first stage was performed at 1,500 psi during three static extraction cycles of 5 min each after optimizing the extraction temperature (50-150°C) and addition of organic modifiers (% methanol) to water, the extraction solvent. Next, aqueous extracts and water samples were processed using polydimethylsiloxane bars. Several parameters were optimized for this technique, including extraction and desorption time, ionic strength, presence of organic modifiers, and pH. Finally, analytes were extracted from the bars by ultrasonic irradiation using a reduced amount of solvent (0.2 mL) prior to derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The optimized protocol uses minimal amounts of organic solvents (<10 mL/sample) and time (≈8 h/sample) compared to previous existing methodologies. Low standard deviation (usually below 10 %) and limits of detection (sub-ppb) vouch for the applicability of the methodology for the analysis of target compounds at trace levels. Once developed, the method was applied to determine concentrations of these compounds in several types of sample (wastewater, seawater, pore water, and sediment) from Cadiz Bay (SW Spain). To our knowledge, these findings represent the first information available on the presence of some of the target compounds in the marine environment.

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Section: Phwe Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phwe Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally friendly analysis of emerging contaminants by pressurized hot water extraction–stir bar sorptive extraction–derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

2012

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“…Only a few methods have been reported for determination of either ME and IB or ME and DI in binary mixtures (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Only one method has been reported for determination of ME and DI in the presence of GU (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium using mean centering of the ratio spectra method

Ali

Hegazy²,

Abdelkawy³

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium using mean centering of the ratio spectra method Accurate and sensitive methods were developed for simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium in their binary mixtures, and in the presence of a methocarbamol related substance (guaifenesin) using mean centering of the ratio spectra method. The results obtained were statistically compared with the reported HPLC methods; no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported methods was found regarding either accuracy or precision.

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“…PLE has been recently applied to extract hormones from sludge (Fernández et al, 2009) and pharmaceuticals from soil (Duran-Alvarez et al, 2009) although using a relatively high amount of sample (10 grams).…”

Section: Figure 122 Pressurized Liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices

Aznar¹

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The analysis of a group of acidic pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, and potential endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater irrigated soils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 143 publications

References 19 publications

Environmentally friendly analysis of emerging contaminants by pressurized hot water extraction–stir bar sorptive extraction–derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Environmentally friendly analysis of emerging contaminants by pressurized hot water extraction–stir bar sorptive extraction–derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium using mean centering of the ratio spectra method

Determination of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices

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