The analysis of bainitic ferrite microstructure in microalloyed plate steels through quantitative characterization of intervariant boundaries

Microstructural and mechanical properties of low-carbon ultra-fine bainitic steel produced by multi-step austempering process

“…The length fraction of high angle boundaries is another effective factor which must be taken into account when discussing the absorbed impact energy by the heat-treated samples, as high angle grain boundaries are strong barriers against the crack propagation that can arrest or deflect the crack path [36]. Bain groups map and packets map have been analyzed in order to study the nature of the boundaries more precisely as shown in Fig.…”

Wire and arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel: Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties

“…and perlite (low cooling rate). The presence of bainitic microstructures usually increases the mechanical strength of the material [37]. Bainite formation is a diffusionless transformation, in which tiny plates known as "sub-units" can be supersaturated in carbon [38].…”

Simulated Coarse Grain Heat‐Affected Zone Transformation Behavior of Newly Developed Zr–Ti–RE Deoxidized High‐Strength Low‐Alloy Steels with Extremely High Impact Toughness

“…Table 4 presents 24 variants in the K–S orientation relationship between newly formed phases, such as bainite and martensite, with prior austenite. [ 66 ] Figure 11 confirms that the number of high‐angle variant pairs decreased with the increasing heat input, the variant structure was also related to the corresponding microstructure formed by continuous cooling at typical heat inputs. At the lowest heat input (20 kJ cm −1 ), the variant microstructure was similar to the bainite (LB + GB)‐dominated microstructure.…”

“…[38] The fraction of high-angle grain boundaries was the highest (0.41) at the lowest heat input (20 kJ cm À1 ) because the microstructure was dominated by bainite packets consisting of a large amount of high-angle grain boundaries, which can greatly inhibit crack propagation and enhance the toughness. [39,65,66] When the heat input was 20 kJ cm À1 , the bainite packets had a significant segmentation and refinement effect on grain size. [67] When the heat input was 100 kJ cm À1 , a small amount of AF with increased high-angle grain boundary fraction was generated.…”