The Analysis of the Influence of Various Factors on the Development of Stress Corrosion Defects in the Main Gas Pipeline Walls in the Conditions of the European Part of the Russian Federation

Afanasyev, Alexey V.; Melnikov, A. A.; Konovalov, S. V.; Vaskov, Maxim

doi:10.1155/2018/1258379

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, Afanasyev et al [ 45 ] proposed a cyclic test simulating a real load from a field scenario to determine the variables affecting the cracks and fractures (in the absence of corrosive environment) concerning the wide variation of lengths and widths [ 73 ]. In this test, the methodology consists of cyclic tests of several damaged samples from real field conditions were four-point loading conditions is applied [ 73 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most notably, standard recommended practices for complementary external SCC studies may be ASTM G57 and ASTM G187 for the soil resistivity determination by using a soil resistivity meter; moisture content using a gravimetric method which is recommended by ASTM D4959, and ASTM G4643 using direct heating or microwave oven heating, pH value using a potentiometer and the ASTM G51, redox potential analysis using a potentiometer and ASTM G200, texture characteristics, oxygen concentration, metal and anions content using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ion chromatography, cathodic disbonding evaluations recommended by ASTM G8, ASTM G 42, ASTM G80 or ASTM G95, as well as the NACE Standard TM0497 related to criteria for cathodic protection on buried pipelines, ASTM G62 for holiday observation in coatings, NACE Standard TM0106 for studies of microbiologically influenced corrosion, and ANSI/NACE Standard RP0502 for pipeline external direct assessment [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. In addition, the electrochemical data acquired from the cyclic tests proposed by Afanasyev et al [ 45 ] were studied using fractography analysis from cross section samples. Based on the spectroscopic analysis this is a technique used to obtain elemental composition of corrosion products (oxides) from maps of elements distribution in a SCC [ 45 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the electrochemical data acquired from the cyclic tests proposed by Afanasyev et al [ 45 ] were studied using fractography analysis from cross section samples. Based on the spectroscopic analysis this is a technique used to obtain elemental composition of corrosion products (oxides) from maps of elements distribution in a SCC [ 45 ]. The standards recommended practices for complementary evaluation of I-SCC are: NACE Standard SP0206 for direct assessment of internal corrosion in pipelines transporting dry natural gas, and NACE Standard SP110 for direct assessment for pipelines in wet natural gas [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.

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Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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“…Corrosion, which is the most common type of defects on metals, affects the operation reliability of the metal structure and component and can cause huge losses [1]- [3]. For metallic oil and gas pipelines with insulation layers, water and natural minerals can intrude into the insulation layer and have oxidation and electrochemical reaction with the metal surface of the pipeline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Depth Inversion Method Based on the Lift-Off Effect of the Capacitive Imaging (CI) Technique

Yin

Yuan

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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As a new Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) technique, capacitive imaging (CI) has been used to detect defects in oil pipelines, composite sucker rods and storage tanks in recent years. When a CI sensor is used to detect corrosion defect on a conducting surface with or without an insulation layer, the depth information of corrosion defect is difficult to acquire due to the non-linearity of the probing field. This paper proposed a corrosion depth inversion method based on the lift-off effect of the CI technique. The proposed depth inversion method, which includes three steps, namely establishing the lift-off curve, obtaining the scan curve and fitting inversion, are introduced and evaluated. In the FE simulations, the error rates of the inversion depths are less than 1.20%. CI experiments were carried out to acquire the depth information of a step shape specimen using the CI experimental system and the proposed corrosion depth inversion method. The results show that the depth inversion method can meet the need of obtaining the actual depth information with the error rates of the inversion depths being less than 10.00%. A CI experiment on a machined and corroded specimen was carried out to further demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed inversion method for corrosion defects with different depths. Both results from FE models and experiments indicate that the proposed method is promising to achieve the quantitative NDE of the Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI). INDEX TERMS Capacitive imaging, corrosion defect, depth inversion, lift-off effect, insulation layer.

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“…It is known that 17MnSi and 17Mn1Si steels were widely used for manufacturing gas mains over the territory of the former Soviet Union [1,2,3]. Conventionally, main gas pipes were insulated with mastic and film protective coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Gas Main Steels after Long-Term Operation and Peculiarities of Their Fracture Surface Morphology

et al. 2019

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Regularities of steel structure degradation of the “Novopskov-Aksay-Mozdok” gas main pipelines (Nevinnomysskaya CS) as well as the “Gorky-Center” pipelines (Gavrilovskaya CS) were studied. The revealed peculiarities of their degradation after long-term operation are suggested to be treated as a particular case of the damage accumulation classification (scheme) proposed by prof. H.M. Nykyforchyn. It is shown that the fracture surface consists of sections of ductile separation and localized zones of micro-spalling. The presence of the latter testifies to the hydrogen-induced embrittlement effect. However, the steels under investigation possess sufficiently high levels of the mechanical properties required for their further safe exploitation, both in terms of durability and cracking resistance.

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The Analysis of the Influence of Various Factors on the Development of Stress Corrosion Defects in the Main Gas Pipeline Walls in the Conditions of the European Part of the Russian Federation

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Corrosion Depth Inversion Method Based on the Lift-Off Effect of the Capacitive Imaging (CI) Technique

Mechanical Properties of Gas Main Steels after Long-Term Operation and Peculiarities of Their Fracture Surface Morphology

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