The analysis of vitamin B12 in milk and infant formula: A review

Li, Yanan; Gill, Brendon D.; Grainger, Megan N.C.; Manley‐Harris, Merilyn

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104543

“…Moreover, de ciency of VB12 may lead to signi cant public health problems like neurological degeneration, memory loss, pernicious anemia and increases the risk of heart disease [6]. Vitamin B12 is one of the essential water soluble ''B complex vitamins'' that cannot be produced by body cells, it can also be taken from foods like milk, meat, egg and pharmaceutical supplements in various dosage forms daily [7]. As recommended by a healthcare practitioner, the de ciency of VB12 can often be reversed by consuming supplements or by forti ed foods [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, most quanti cation of vitamin B12 are conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [10], chemiluminescence [11], liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) [12], capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical methods [7,13]. Generally, these laboratory-based methods are expensive both in reagent and services and requires professionally trained operators [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, UV–Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

Dadkhah

¹

,

Mehdinia

²

,

Jabbari

³

et al. 2022

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Development of an e cient, portable and simple nanosensor-based systems with reliable analytical performance for on-site monitoring of vitamin B12 (VB12) are still major problems and a challenging work for quality control of manufacturers. Herein, a new uorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode nanosensors were designed for the simultaneous detection of VB12 with high sensitivity and accuracy. A novel nanosensor was synthesized through nicotinamide-functionalizing on carbon quantum dot (NA-CQDs) by an one-step microwave-assisted method with green approaches. The NA-CQDs as new nanosensor showed excellent uorescence properties and wide linear ranges from 0.1-60 µM with the detection limits of 31.7 nM. Moreover, color changes of NA-CQDs induced by the VB12 could also be detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and inhouse-developed application installed on smartphone as a signal reader, simultanusly. The Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensities of the colorimetric images of NA-CQDs/VB12 system which taken by smartphone's camera converted into quantitative values by the introduced application. A smartphone-integrated with NA-CQDs as colorimetric sensing platform displays good linear ranges (4.16 to 66.6 µM) for on-site determination of VB12 with detection limit of 1.40 µM.The method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex pharmaceutical supplement formulations without any sample pre-treatment and matrix interfering effects. The recovery results (96.52-105.10%) which are in agreement with the reference methods, demonstrating the capability of the smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensing platform in many on-site practical applications of quality controls.

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“…At present, most quanti cation of vitamin B12 are conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [10], chemiluminescence [11], liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) [12], capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical methods [7,13]. Generally, these laboratory-based methods are expensive both in reagent and services and requires professionally trained operators [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, Uv-Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

Dadkhah

¹

,

Mehdinia

²

,

Jabbari

³

et al. 2021

SSRN Journal

1

0

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Development of an e cient, portable and simple nanosensor-based systems with reliable analytical performance for on-site monitoring of vitamin B12 (VB12) are still major problems and a challenging work for quality control of manufacturers. Herein, a new uorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode nanosensors were designed for the simultaneous detection of VB12 with high sensitivity and accuracy. A novel nanosensor was synthesized through nicotinamide-functionalizing on carbon quantum dot (NA-CQDs) by an one-step microwave-assisted method with green approaches. The NA-CQDs as new nanosensor showed excellent uorescence properties and wide linear ranges from 0.1-60 µM with the detection limits of 31.7 nM. Moreover, color changes of NA-CQDs induced by the VB12 could also be detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and inhouse-developed application installed on smartphone as a signal reader, simultanusly. The Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensities of the colorimetric images of NA-CQDs/VB12 system which taken by smartphone's camera converted into quantitative values by the introduced application. A smartphone-integrated with NA-CQDs as colorimetric sensing platform displays good linear ranges (4.16 to 66.6 µM) for on-site determination of VB12 with detection limit of 1.40 µM.The method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex pharmaceutical supplement formulations without any sample pre-treatment and matrix interfering effects. The recovery results (96.52-105.10%) which are in agreement with the reference methods, demonstrating the capability of the smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensing platform in many on-site practical applications of quality controls.

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“…This procedure can have high sensitivity (HEWITT, 2012), reaching a response of pg/ml of magnitude order (LI et al, 2019). On the other hand, since these microorganisms require corrinoids as a growth factor and inactive vitamin B12 analogs in the medium can be used by the microorganisms for this purpose, the amount of biologically active cobalamin can be overestimated, consisting of a low selective method (LI et al, 2019). Also, the process is laborious and time-consuming.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…described in the literature (SCHNELLBAECHER et al, 2019), studies have been conducted preferably with this form of the molecule, which can be achieved by usually adding potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide in the medium to convert all natural forms into the synthetic one (REPOSSI et al, 2017;ZIRONI et al, 2014). Despite the fact that cyanide is extremely toxic, it has been used in most of recent works (LI et al, 2019;SELVA KUMAR;CHOUHAN;THAKUR, 2010).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantificação de vitamina B12: avaliação do impacto das tecnologias não-térmicas (HP, PEF e UV-C) e tecnologias térmicas no processamento em leite

Ceribeli¹

0

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The proportion of the world's population over 60 years is estimated to almost double from 12% to 22% by 2050. Ageing induces diseases in the elderly, such as vitamin B12 deficiency, which is considered a public health issue. Milk is considered one of the main sources of this vitamin, containing 0.54 µg of B12 / 100 g of milk, contributing to the supply of a great part of the recommended daily dose (2.4 µg of B12) for good health. However, thermal treatments such as pasteurization and ultra high temperature (UHT) widely applied by food industries have been claimed to compromise B12 levels. On the other hand, nonthermal technologies such as high pressure (HP), pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultraviolet light (UV-C) have been studied and pointed out as mild treatments with low impact on the chemical characteristics of milk constituents. Such effects have been reported from the point of view of fat, proteins and other components, but no information has been reported on the impact of these technologies on B12 for HP and PEF processing. Furthermore, the impact of heat has been mentioned in the literature, but to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been done on the kinetics of thermal degradation of B12, considering the effects of high temperatures. So, the present thesis aimed to investigate these aspects. In the case of the nonthermal technologies, HP and PEF did not impact B12 levels, being considered HP at 600 MPa the most promising condition to treat milk keeping B12 levels and providing a safe product regarding microbial inactivation aspects. In the other cases (HP at 400 and 500 MPa and PEF 12 µs), although vitamin concentration was not affected, a more pronounced microbial count was obtained. In the case of UV-C light processing, B12 levels showed a tendency to diminish according to the most intense dose applied in the samples, in which the 18 mJ / cm 2 led to a reduction of 10% of B12 concentration compared to the control. However, no microbial inactivation was observed in the samples treated with UV-C light. From the point of view of the kinetic studies, the thermal degradation of B12 was confirmed for temperatures in the range of 100 to 140 o C. The activation energy of 130 ± 5 kJ / mol was obtained, and the activation enthalpy and entropy were 126 ± 5 kJ / mol and 19 ± 14 J / mol.K, respectively, demonstrating that the thermal degradation of this vitamin is a process dependent on the temperature, in which the molecule undergoes the formation of non-bioactive products. The studies demonstrated the importance of considering nonthermal technologies to treat milk and the need for better knowledge about the extension of thermal treatments on B12 degradation. Both studies can contribute to having alternative processing and/or conditions to treat milk, maintaining B12 levels in the product, which is essential to supply the requirements of this vitamin for a good health condition, mainly in the elderly population. List of Abbreviations and SymbolsB12 -vitamin B12 CNCbl and CN -cyanocobalamin OHCbl and OH -hy...

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The analysis of vitamin B12 in milk and infant formula: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, UV–Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, UV–Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, Uv-Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

Quantificação de vitamina B12: avaliação do impacto das tecnologias não-térmicas (HP, PEF e UV-C) e tecnologias térmicas no processamento em leite

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