The Anatomical Closure of the Foramen Ovale in the Equine and Bovine Heart: A Comparative Study with Observations on the Fœtal and Adult States —I

Ottaway, C.W.

doi:10.1016/s0372-5545(17)32702-5

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Extending back to at least the 19th century, it was occasionally observed that the fossa ovalis can be found in eutherian mammals only, and not in marsupial mammals, such as kangaroos, or monotreme mammals (Martin, ; Röse, ; Franklin et al ., ; Ottaway, ; Rowlatt, ; Runciman et al, ). Developmental studies further showed that the secondary foramen is particular to eutherian mammals (Röse, ; Franklin et al ., ).…”

Section: The Anatomy Of the Atrial Septum Of Eutherian Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). After birth, the extensive primary septum of horse and cow merges into the wall of the left atrium and is hardly distinguishable by 6 weeks (Ottaway, ). While the settings shown in Figure are surely extreme, it can be envisioned that these are the outcomes of an expansion of the primary atrial septum along with its secondary perforations driven by the long exposure to incremental blood flows during a long gestation.…”

Section: Normal Development Of the Atrial Septum In Eutherian Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution and Development of the Atrial Septum

Jensen

Wang

Moorman

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The complete division of the atrial cavity by a septum, resulting in a left and right atrium, is found in many amphibians and all amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals). Surprisingly, it is only in eutherian, or placental, mammals that full atrial septation necessitates addition from a second septum. The high incidence of incomplete closure of the atrial septum in human, so‐called probe patency, suggests this manner of closure is inefficient. We review the evolution and development of the atrial septum to understand the peculiar means of forming the atrial septum in eutherian mammals. The most primitive atrial septum is found in lungfishes and comprises a myocardial component with a mesenchymal cap on its leading edge, reminiscent to the primary atrial septum of embryonic mammals before closure of the primary foramen. In reptiles, birds, and mammals, the primary foramen is closed by the mesenchymal tissues of the atrioventricular cushions, the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion, and the mesenchymal cap. These tissues are also found in lungfishes. The closure of the primary foramen is preceded by the development of secondary perforations in the septal myocardium. In all amniotes, with the exception of eutherian mammals, the secondary perforations do not coalesce to a secondary foramen. Instead, the secondary perforations persist and are sealed by myocardial and endocardial growth after birth or hatching. We suggest that the error‐prone secondary foramen allows large volumes of oxygen‐rich blood to reach the cardiac left side, needed to sustain the growth of the extraordinary large offspring that characterizes eutherian mammals. Anat Rec, 302:32–48, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.

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