The anatomy of the posterior commissure

Özdemir, Nuriye Güzin

doi:10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.12122-14.2

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[ 15 ] The posterior commissure is located in the inferior pineal lamina at the posterior third ventricle just anterior to pineal gland and connects the superior colliculi and fronto-temporo-occipito-pontine region but not the thalami. [ 14 16 ] Furthermore, there is habenular commissure which is thinner than the other commissures and is difficult to define. It crosses the midline just superior to the posterior commissure and anterior to the pineal gland connecting both habenula which are located adjacent to the dorsomedial thalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The double massa intermedia

et al. 2016

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Background:To describe the rare finding of a double massa intermedia (MI). Typically, the MI (interthalamic adhesion) is a single bridge of gray matter connecting the medial surfaces of the thalami.Methods:Twelve formalin- and alcohol-fixed human third ventricles were examined from superior to inferior by fiber dissection technique under ×6 to ×40 magnifications and with the endoscope.Results:In all hemispheres, the anterior and posterior commissure were defined. The MI, which bridges the medial surfaces of the thalami, was defined in all hemispheres. In one hemisphere, there was a second bridge between the thalami, located posteroinferior to the common MI. Endoscopic view confirmed that there was a second MI in this specimen. The MI usually traverses the third ventricle posterior to the foramen of Monro and connects the paired thalami. The MI is an important landmark during endoscopic and microscopic surgeries of the third ventricle. Although a double MI is very rare, surgeons should be aware of the possibility in their surgical planning.Conclusion:The surgeon should be aware of the possibility of a double MI to avoid confusion during third ventricle surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The double massa intermedia

et al. 2016

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“…39 This developmental link indicates that the posterior commissure might also be associated with posture and the integration of body movements. 6 Similar to the habenular commissure, the posterior commissure was significantly thicker in nonhydrocephalic patients than in hydrocephalic ones (96% vs 55%) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…From this perspective, there are plenty of data deriving from both cadaveric and intraoperative studies. 1,[5][6][7] Conversely, the anterior, intraventricular face of the posterior wall of the third ventricle has been described mostly in postmortem specimens. 5,8,9 Neurosurgeons who have approached this area in vivo using an endoscope have done so only to explore or biopsy or remove tumors involving the pineal region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A light on the dark side: in vivo endoscopic anatomy of the posterior third ventricle and its variations in hydrocephalus

Feletti

Fiorindi

Lavecchia

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVEDespite the technological advancements of neurosurgery, the posterior part of the third ventricle has always been the “dark side” of the ventricle. However, flexible endoscopy offers the opportunity for a direct, in vivo inspection and detailed description of the posterior third ventricle in physiological and pathological conditions. The purposes of this study were to describe the posterior wall of the third ventricle, detailing its normal anatomy and surgical landmarks, and to assess the effect of chronic hydrocephalus on the anatomy of this hidden region.METHODSThe authors reviewed the video recordings of 59 in vivo endoscopic explorations of the posterior third ventricle to describe every identifiable anatomical landmark. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the absence or presence of a chronic dilation of the third ventricle. The first group provided the basis for the description of normal anatomy.RESULTSThe following anatomical structures were identified in all cases: adytum of the cerebral aqueduct, posterior commissure, pineal recess, habenular commissure, and suprapineal recess. Comparing the 2 groups of patients, the authors were able to detect significant variations in the shape of the adytum of the cerebral aqueduct and in the thickness of the habenular and posterior commissures. Exploration with sodium fluorescein excluded the presence of any fluorescent area in the posterior third ventricle, other than the subependymal vascular network.CONCLUSIONSThe use of a flexible scope allows the complete inspection of the posterior third ventricle. The anatomical variations caused by chronic hydrocephalus might be clinically relevant, in light of the commissure functions.

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“…In comparison to the corpus callosum, AC is much smaller in size, which is only about 1% of the size of the corpus callosum [14]. AC can generally be found at the tip of the sagittal image of the fornix in the mid-sagittal plane (MSP) [10], while posterior commissure (PC) is located in the inferior pineal lamina and it is one of the commissural fibres of the brain that has an important role in pupillary light reflex [15].…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Anterior Commissure (Ac) and Posteriormentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel thresholding and Morphological Relationship Approach for Automatic Detection of Anterior and Posterior Commissure in Mid-sagittal Brain MRI

Aisyah¹,

Fatichah²,

Sarno³

2020

IJIES

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Most of neuroimaging applications tend to still rely on expert knowledge in determining anatomies of the brain. For example in Parkinson's disease surgery, detection of the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) are still done manually by doctors. Previously, various methods have been developed related to the automatic detection of AC and PC. However, the majority of previously methods have several drawbacks, such as only compatible on T1-W or T2-W, only compatible for data with the same matrix size, and requires a time-consuming training process. This study proposes a new strategy by combining a multilevel thresholding and morphological relationships approach for automatic detection of AC and PC. The process divided into 4 main stages: preprocessing, multilevel thresholding, segmentation, and detection of AC and PC. The segmentation is performed on several anatomies of the brain including corpus callosum, fornix, and colliculus. From the experiment, it can be concluded that the use of multilevel thresholding and morphological relationship was successfully detecting AC and PC with the mean error were 1.02 mm and 1.06 mm, respectively. The proposed method can perform an automatic detection of AC and PC with simply algorithm, does not require a large of diverse data sets for the training process, without training process that takes up time, and reliable on the diversity of MRI since it is compatible for T1-W and T2-W with various matrix sizes of 256 x 256 and 512 x 512 pixels which cannot be handled by previous researches.

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The anatomy of the posterior commissure

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

The double massa intermedia

The double massa intermedia

A light on the dark side: in vivo endoscopic anatomy of the posterior third ventricle and its variations in hydrocephalus

Multilevel thresholding and Morphological Relationship Approach for Automatic Detection of Anterior and Posterior Commissure in Mid-sagittal Brain MRI

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