The Anatomy of the Spleen

Bergman, R. Lindsey; HeidgerJr., Paul M.; Scott‐Conner, Carol E. H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-124-4_1

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Horses show an extreme increase of haematocrit during exercise whereas hunter dogs present an increase in reticulocyte count (Poole & Erickson, ). Erythrocytes ejection from spleen is affected by sympathetic nervous systems and catecholamines (Bergman, Heidger, & Scott‐Conner, ; Poole & Erickson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Prawira

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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Spleen is one of the important lymphoid organs with wide variations of morphological and physiological functions according to species. Morphology and function of the spleen in bats, which are hosts to several viral strains without exhibiting clinical symptoms, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the spleen morphology of fruit bats associated with their physiological functions. Spleen histological observations were performed in three fruit bats species: Cynopterus titthaecheilus (n = 9), Rousettus leschenaultii (n = 3) and Pteropus vampyrus (n = 3). The spleens of these fruit bats were surrounded by a thin capsule. Red pulp consisted of splenic cord and wide vascular space filled with blood. Ellipsoids in all three studied species were found numerously and adjacent to one another forming macrophages aggregates. White pulp consisted of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. The lymphoid follicle contained a germinal centre and a tingible body macrophage that might reflect an active immune system. The marginal zone was prominent and well developed. This study reports some differences in spleen structure of fruit bats compared to other bat species previously reported and discusses possible physiological implications of the spleen based on its morphology. K E Y W O R D S flying foxes, histology, immunology, morphology, physiology, viral reservoir

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Prawira

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…The spleen has a very special microanatomy that makes it very intriguing from a pharmacological point of view. A systematic analysis of splenic structure is beyond our aims, and the interested readers can find details on this issue in textbooks and in several excellent reviews [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Here, we will explore the more salient aspects that give very specific properties to this organ from the perspective of drug diffusion and, possibly, metabolism and action.…”

Section: Spleen Microanatomy: the Pharmacologist Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of the Spleen in the Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies, Nanoparticles and Exosomes

Cataldi

Vigliotti

Mosca

et al. 2017

IJMS

207

151

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After being absorbed, drugs distribute in the body in part to reach target tissues, in part to be disposed in tissues where they do not exert clinically-relevant effects. Therapeutically-relevant effects are usually terminated by drug metabolism and/or elimination. The role that has been traditionally ascribed to the spleen in these fundamental pharmacokinetic processes was definitely marginal. However, due to its high blood flow and to the characteristics of its microcirculation, this organ would be expected to be significantly exposed to large, new generation drugs that can hardly penetrate in other tissues with tight endothelial barriers. In the present review, we examine the involvement of the spleen in the disposition of monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles and exosomes and the possible implications for their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. The data that we will review lead to the conclusion that a new role is emerging for the spleen in the pharmacokinetics of new generation drugs, hence suggesting that this small, neglected organ will certainly deserve stronger attention by pharmacologists in the future.

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“…On rare occasions splenogonadal fusion leads splenic tissue to be pulled down into pelvic cavity. [10] Accessory spleen is usually an incidental finding with no clinical significance. Although it is asymptomatic it can be of clinical importance for differential diagnosis of tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective radiologic analysis of accessory spleen by computed tomography

Akkaşoğlu

Çelebioğlu

Çalişkan

et al. 2019

Anatomy

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The aim of this study was to define the incidence and classify locations of accessory spleen using CT in a large Turkish population and to compare our findings with earlier studies performed in other populations.Methods: A total of 930 patients were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively using CT. The CT images were obtained using Philips Ingenuity 128 slice computerized tomography device.Results: 930 patients (413 females, 44.4%; 517 males, 55.6%) who underwent CT imaging for various indications were included in this study. Out of these, 55 had an accessory spleen (5.9%), and four had polysplenia. Most common location of accessory spleen was hilum (49.9%) followed by the gastrosplenic ligament (21.81%), infrasplenic area (18.18%), pancreatic tail (3.64%), splenorenal ligament (3.64%) and suprasplenic area (3.64%). Conclusion:Accessory spleen is a common variation encountered in the abdominal cavity. Most and least common locations of this variation should be well known to prevent radiologic misdiagnosis and surgical complications.

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The Anatomy of the Spleen

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Emerging Role of the Spleen in the Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies, Nanoparticles and Exosomes

Retrospective radiologic analysis of accessory spleen by computed tomography

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