The Andaman Islanders in a Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining the Evidence for an Early Peopling of the Archipelago from South Asia

Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Endicott, Phillip

doi:10.3378/027.085.0307

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We have shown that Andamanese and Japanese individuals carrying haplogroup D separated around ~ 53 kya, coinciding with most of the other major OOA haplogroup divergences. We have also demonstrated, using autosomal data, that the Andamanese are indeed an out-group to East Asian populations, which was also shown before (Chaubey and Endicott 2013;Aghakhanian et al 2015).This strongly suggests that haplogroup D does not indicate a separate ancestry for Andamanese populations. Rather, haplogroup D was part of the standing variation carried by the OOA expansion, and later lost from most of the populations except in Andaman and partially in Japan and Tibet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese

et al. 2017

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We present 42 new Y-chromosomal sequences from diverse Indian tribal and non-tribal populations, including the Jarawa and Onge from the Andaman Islands, which are analysed within a calibrated Y-chromosomal phylogeny incorporating South Asian (in total 305 individuals) and worldwide (in total 1286 individuals) data from the 1000 Genomes Project. In contrast to the more ancient ancestry in the South than in the North that has been claimed, we detected very similar coalescence times within Northern and Southern non-tribal Indian populations. A closest neighbour analysis in the phylogeny showed that Indian populations have an affinity towards Southern European populations and that the time of divergence from these populations substantially predated the Indo-European migration into India, probably reflecting ancient shared ancestry rather than the Indo-European migration, which had little effect on Indian male lineages. Among the tribal populations, the Birhor (Austro-Asiatic-speaking) and Irula (Dravidian-speaking) are the nearest neighbours of South Asian non-tribal populations, with a common origin in the last few millennia. In contrast, the Riang (Tibeto-Burman-speaking) and Andamanese have their nearest neighbour lineages in East Asia. The Jarawa and Onge shared haplogroup D lineages with each other within the last ~7000 years, but had diverged from Japanese haplogroup D Y-chromosomes ~53000 years ago, most likely by a split from a shared ancestral population. This analysis suggests that Indian populations have complex ancestry which cannot be explained by a single expansion model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese

et al. 2017

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“…S2A). This bottleneck ~20k ybp roughly coincides with the deglaciation following the last glacial maximum and may point towards local migration and/or isolation (13,14). In case of the Austroasiatic speaking HG tribes from mainland SAS, in concordance with the islanders, we observed a pronounced bottleneck ~10k ybp, but unlike the islanders, we did not observe a population bottleneck ~20k ybp (Fig.…”

Section: Fig 2 Comparison Of Hg and Non-hg Demography Asupporting

confidence: 66%

Whole genomes reveal severe bottleneck among Asian hunter-gatherers following the invention of agriculture

Chakraborty

Basu

2020

Preprint

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The invention of agriculture (IOA) by anatomically modern humans (AMH) around 10,000 years before present (ybp) is known to have led to an increase in AMH's carrying capacity and hence its population size. Reconstruction of historical demography using high coverage (~30X) whole genome sequences (WGS) from >700 individuals from different South Asian (SAS) and Southeast Asian (SEA) populations reveals that although several present day populous groups did indeed experience a positive Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT), most hunter-gatherers (HGs) experienced a demographic decrease. Differential fertility between HGs and non-HGs, exposure of HGs to novel pathogens from non-HGs could have resulted in such contrasting patterns. However, we think the most parsimonious explanation of the drastic decrease in population size of HGs is their displacement/enslavement by non-HGs. Significance StatementThe invention of agriculture, around 10000 years ago, facilitated more food production which could feed larger populations. This had far-reaching socio-political and demographic impacts, including a ~10,000 fold increase in global population-size in the last 10,000 years. . However, this increase in population size is not a universal truth and present day huntergatherer populations, in contrast, have dwindled in size, often drastically. The signatures of this rise in population size are discernible from the genomes of present-day individuals. Using genomic data, we show that for the majority of Asian hunter-gatherers, populationsizes drastically decreased following the invention of agriculture. We argue that a combination of displacement, enslavement and disease resulted in the decimation of huntergatherer societies. General:The authors would like to thank Anasuya Chakrabarty and Diptarup Nandi for help with the analysis of data, and Anasuya Chakrabarty, Diptarup Nandi, Debashree Tagore, Jeffrey D Wall and Partha P Majumder for helpful comments and suggestions. The data used in this work were generated as part of the GenomeAsia 100K Consortium. Most of the computational work was performed using the facilities of the National Supercomputing Centre, Singapore.

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“…Actually, the southern component is the most prevalent population in Andaman. Of particular interest is the fact that when populations of southeast Asia and Near Oceania were incorporated to these broad genome analyses, the Andaman Islanders showed a closer affinity with southeast rather than South Asian populations [117, 118]. It is evident that our mtDNA interpretation and the autosomal results give a very similar picture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundFrom a mtDNA dominant perspective, the exit from Africa of modern humans to colonize Eurasia occurred once, around 60 kya, following a southern coastal route across Arabia and India to reach Australia short after. These pioneers carried with them the currently dominant Eurasian lineages M and N. Based also on mtDNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic grounds, some authors have proposed the coeval existence of a northern route across the Levant that brought mtDNA macrohaplogroup N to Australia. To contrast both hypothesis, here we reanalyzed the phylogeography and respective ages of mtDNA haplogroups belonging to macrohaplogroup M in different regions of Eurasia and Australasia.ResultsThe macrohaplogroup M has a historical implantation in West Eurasia, including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between the age of the M haplogroups and its longitudinal geographical distribution. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side.ConclusionsThe existence of a northern route, previously proposed for the mtDNA macrohaplogroup N, is confirmed here for the macrohaplogroup M. Both mtDNA macrolineages seem to have differentiated in South East Asia from ancestral L3 lineages. Taking this genetic evidence and those reported by other disciplines we have constructed a new and more conciliatory model to explain the history of modern humans out of Africa.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Andaman Islanders in a Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining the Evidence for an Early Peopling of the Archipelago from South Asia

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese

Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese

Whole genomes reveal severe bottleneck among Asian hunter-gatherers following the invention of agriculture

Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

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