The Andean Pact and State Capitalism in Colombia

Abstract

This section addresses the nature of two current programs, put forward by their sponsors as "answers" to the problems of industrialization in Latin America. Raúl Fernández, Associate Professor in the Program in Comparative Culture at the University of California, Irvine, with José F. Ocampo, present an analysis of the programs of "regional integration." Using the Andean Pact as a specific instance, or case study, Fernández and Ocampo argue that regional integration is a tool of imperialist domination, and they demonstrate the relationship between imperialist regional integration and the development of state capitalism in Colombia. Rosemary Galli, who teaches at Johnston College of Redlands University, presents an evaluation of another mechanism of imperialist "development" planning. Basing her study upon her own first hand experience with the United Nations Development System, Professor Galli's case study of the UNDS in Colombia shows the machinery of international development planning and its weaknesses. She concludes with a compelling case for the importance of national leadership in such planning.

The many lives of state capitalism: From classical Marxism to free-market advocacy

“…3 Whereas most of these focus on individual countries (e.g. Berberoglu, 1980a, on Turkey; Chattopadhyay, 1970, on India; Cooper, 1983, on Egypt; Evans, 1977, on Brazil; Farsoun, 1975, on Algeria; Fernández and Ocampo, 1975, on Colombia; Kebbede, 1987, on Ethiopia; Turok, 1980, on Zambia), they also include attempts to provide a comparative treatment of state capitalism in developing nations (Berberoglu, 1980b; Canak, 1984; Petras, 1977; Pfeifer, 1979). Most, if not all, of the authors of these studies portray the state-capitalist path as a third way between, on the one hand, the revolutionary road to socialism, and on the other, the curse of dependency and its attendant stagnation or underdevelopment.…”

Global Resources

“…Some went one step forward and nationalized their extractive industries completely. Governments from various parts of North Africa and Latin America (Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Libya, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela) nationalized their oil, steel production and petrochemical industries earning themselves the label of governments pursuing state capitalism (Farsoun 1975;Fernandez and Ocampo 1975;Bamat 1977;Petras 1977). The state's dominant role in the economy of these 'state capitalist' countries also expressed itself through the centralization of finance and banking.…”

The Peripheral State Debate: State Capitalist and Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America

“…Munck (1979) points to the role of state corporations in direct production as complementary to the needs of foreign capital in Brazil. Fernandez and Ocampo (1975) present perhaps the most "orthodox" Marxist interpretation of what they term state capitalism. Drawing on Marx and Lenin (1960aLenin ( , 1960bLenin ( , 1960c, they view this phenomenon as merely an extension of the necessity for state intervention to overcome the central contradiction of forces and relations of production, a problem that arises in all nations.…”