The Anemia of Infection. Ii. The Experimental Production of Hypoferremia and Anemia in Dogs 1

Serum ceruloplasmin protein expression and activity increases in iron-deficient rats and is further enhanced by higher dietary copper intake

“…27 Additional investigations in the 1930s and 1940s documented increased serum copper in humans suffering from anemia associated with dietary iron deficiency, massive hemorrhage, 26 pregnancy, 28 and infection or inflammation. 29 Once it was recognized that most copper in the blood is bound to Cp, 30 noted increases in serum copper were shown to be because of elevated Cp in most of these and other pathologic conditions (eg, sickle cell disease and renal failure). The induction of Cp activity during infection and inflammation, and pregnancy, is probably the result of cytokine and hormonal stimulation of Cp expression.…”

Studies of the Anemia and Iron Metabolism in Cancer 1

“…The depression of serum iron levels in the presence of normal or slightly increased storage iron in cancer has its analogy in acute and chronic infections (31,32) but the mechanism responsible for the phenomenon is not understood. Depletion of serum iron as a result of its extraction by neoplasms with an increased avidity for that element is unlikely in view of the fact that accumulation of Fe59 in tumor tissue has not been demonstrable in any of the cases we have investigated from this standpoint (Cases No.…”

The Anemia of Infection. Xiv. Response to Massive Doses of Intravenously Administered Saccharated Oxide of Iron 1

“…Previous studies (1)(2)(3)(4) have shown that, with the development of inflammation, hypoferremia occurs and a decrease takes place in the concentration of the metal binding protein in the plasma. When iron is given by mouth, there is little change in the level of plasma iron and, following the intravenous injection of iron, only a transient rise in the plasma iron develops.…”

“…That reduced iron intake is not the limiting factor in the anemia associated with infection was suggested by the fact that the intravenous administration of relatively large amounts of iron failed to relieve it (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). A defect in these studies, as carried out in human subjects, however, was that the administration of preparations such as iron ascorbate (10 to 300 mg.) was attended by local and systemic reactions and consequently the amounts of iron given were not as great as might have been desired.…”