The anfractuous pathways which led to the development of electrochemical stripping techniques

Scholz, Fritz

doi:10.1007/s10008-010-1234-2

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It took some decades until electrolysis has been used for quantitative precipitation of metals in order to determine their concentration by weighing the mass of metal deposited from a certain solution volume. This was the birth of electrogravimetry, and the people behind were, among others, Carl Luckow, Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, Alexander Classen, Edgar Fah Smith, and William Dupré Treadwell [2] . The following period of development started with recording current‐voltage curves by Salomon, [3] a student of Walther Nernst.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Essay for the Rosarium Philosophicum on Electrochemistry Electrochemical Analysis – What it was, is, and Possibly will be

Scholz

2020

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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In this essay a survey of the development of electrochemical analysis is given for the last two hundred years. It is shown that the great breakthroughs in this discipline were not predictable, as in all other sciences. The two centuries have led to an enormous diversification of electroanalytical techniques and analytical targets for which electroanalytical techniques can be applied most beneficially. Maintaining the experimental and theoretical expertise as part of the chemistry curricula at Universities is identified as a main task, now and in future.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Essay for the Rosarium Philosophicum on Electrochemistry Electrochemical Analysis – What it was, is, and Possibly will be

Scholz

2020

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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“…So, when the influence of the HF‐fluctuations are small the short memory ( L =1,2) reproduces all neighboring measurements from Equation 3 with high accuracy. Solution of this generalized functional Equation 4 was considered in References 1, 2 and can be presented in two different forms ( A ) and ( B ) …”

Section: Brief Description Of a New Approach Used For The Reproducimentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Voltammetry Near Limit of Detection: Integrated Voltammograms and Reduction of Measurements to an “Ideal” Experiment

2015

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It is well-known that ac urrentÀvoltage curve gives information on analyte contents and low detection limits.T he main virtue of the electroanalytical technique,w here the current is registered as af unction of the applied potential (voltage), E,i sg ood metrological characteristic i.e.a ccuracy and precision, and also sensitivity and wide dynamic range for direct determination of the desired concentration. This methodology played an important role in developing of the so-called electrochemical sensing [1].I nt he special case of the stripping voltammetry,d etection limits can be decreased (or increased!) for several orders of its magnitude in comparison with the conventional ones.I n all cases,a tp resent time detection limits are evaluated with the usage of the mathematical statistics for processing of experimental data based on their Gaussian distribution. In general, in order to propose new electrochemical sensors,o ne needs to understand deeper the processes that take place near the electrode surface.I tc an help to expand sensing approach for requirements of the metrological characteristics:i .e.d etection limit, reproducibility and repeatability.T hese questions are discussed periodically in reviewers,o riginal papers and textbooks,s ee for example [1][2][3].I ts hould be noted that the Gaussian distribution is ab asic supposition and it ap riory is accepted without any proper justification. Namely,t his approach gives an impression of the relative ability of many electrochemical techniques to measure small concentrations of analytes on the level of traces in as olution. These data treatment methods are widely applied as routine programs in standard equipment (and it is included in various handbooks and textbooks) and attainable in undergraduate instructional laboratories.Among electroanalytical methods,v arious voltammetric techniques are the most attractive because of their cost and the acceptable analytic parameters,i np articular,a ssociated with limits of detection. Thel atter is evaluated with providing of the pair measurements that are repeated several times and subsequent treatment of data based on so-called 3-s rule and sensitivity coefficient. In this case,o ne can use the difference between two current values for background and extreme low concentration of analyte.T he apparatus technique helps to remove the essential part of the background current. However,a tt he same time one can lose information related to the lowest concentrations.T he details related to the conventional solution of this problem can be found in [4].T he conventional approach suffers from two unjustified basic suppositions that are instructive to repeat below:1. Thes uccessive measurements are independent from each other.2. Ther andom properties of each measurement are obeyed to the Gaussian distribution.In the recent publications [1], [ 5,6] one of the authors (RRN) based on real data proved that these suppositions should be at least reconsidered.Abstract:Ageneral approach for quantitative description of voltammograms is su...

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“…The review is divided into two main sections detailing with the development of screenprinted biosensors and the application of stripping voltammetry. A number of reviews and monographs describing the theory underlying electrochemistry have already been given [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and the history of the development of electroanalytical chemistry has recently been reviewed [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

Honeychurch¹

2012

Insciences J.

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Abstract:The present review (with 231 references) focuses on developments made in the area of screen-printed biosensors and sensors for the determination of metal ions in industrial, environmental and biomedical applications. The year 2012 represents the twentieth anniversary of the first reported application of screen-printed electrodes for the determination of metal ions. Focus is placed on fabrication techniques, operating details and performance characteristics for the selected applications. The greater proportion of articles have utilised the technique of stripping voltammetry, gaining detection limits in the low ng/mL (ppb) region. An increasing percentage of these have explored bismuth as an alternative to mercury for the modification of the carbon electrode surface. However, a steady number of applications have shown the possibility of utilising the unmodified screen-printed carbon, gold or silver electrode surface. More recently the alternative approach of electrochemical biosensors has become a growing area. The majority of these have exploited the inhabitation metal ions exhibit on the enzyme activity of urease, acetylcholinesterase and glucose oxidase gaining detection limits in the sub µg/mL region, however recent applications utilising thiol-functionalised oligonucleotides have been shown the possibility of gaining detection limits as low as 120 ng/L for Hg .

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The anfractuous pathways which led to the development of electrochemical stripping techniques

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Essay for the Rosarium Philosophicum on Electrochemistry Electrochemical Analysis – What it was, is, and Possibly will be

Essay for the Rosarium Philosophicum on Electrochemistry Electrochemical Analysis – What it was, is, and Possibly will be

New Approach for Voltammetry Near Limit of Detection: Integrated Voltammograms and Reduction of Measurements to an “Ideal” Experiment

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

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