The anodic reaction zone and performance of different carbonaceous fuels in a batch molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell

Guo, Liang; Calo, J.M.; Kearney, Clare; Grimshaw, Pengpeng

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.005

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A DCFC converts the chemical energy of carbon directly to electricity with a theoretical efficiency (the Gibbs energy change of reaction C+O 2 =CO 2 divided by its enthalpy change, G/H) slightly higher than 100%. DCFCs can be classified in terms of electrolyte: molten hydroxide [15][16][17], molten carbonate [18], and solid oxide. When solid oxide electrolyte is used in a DCFC, molten carbonate or liquid metal is generally added into the anode chamber for carbon delivering [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst

et al. 2016

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“…10 The high concentration of water is believed to shift the chemical equilibrium in equations (4) and (5) towards the left. Despite a renewal of the research into hydroxide-based DCFCs, 11,12 it is still necessary to improve the stability of the hydroxide for the practical application.…”

Section: Hydroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygen ions are transported across the solid oxide electrolyte membrane to the anode compartment, where the carbon is oxidised to CO2. 62,63 At the anode, direct carbon oxidation is possible with either complete oxidation of the carbon to carbon dioxide, as shown in equation 11, or a partial oxidation of the carbon to carbon monoxide, as shown in equation (12).…”

Section: Hybrid Carbonate/ Solid Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

et al. 2017

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A direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) can produce electricity with both superior electrical efficiency and fuel utilisation compared to all other types of fuel cells. Although the first DCFC prototype was proposed in 1896, there was, until the 1970s, little sustained effort to investigate further, because of technology development issues. Interest in DCFCs has recently been reinvigorated as a possible method of replacing conventional coal-fired power plants to meet the demands for lower CO emissions, and indeed for efficient utilisation of waste derived chars. In this article, recent developments in direct carbon conversion are reviewed, with the principal emphasis on the materials involved. The development of electrolytes, anodes and cathodes as well as fuel sources is examined. The activity and chemical stability of the anode materials are a critical concern addressed in the development of new materials. Redox media of molten carbonate or molten metal facilitating the transportation of ions offer promising possibilities for carbon oxidation. The suitability of different carbon fuels in various DCFC systems, in terms of crystal structure, surface properties, impurities and particle size, is also discussed. We explore the influence of a variety of parameters on the electrochemical performance of DCFCs, with regard to their open circuit voltage, power output and lifetime. The challenges faced in developing DCFCs are summarised, and potential prospects of the system are outlined.

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“…This was probably attributed to relatively high hydrocarbon content and more disordered structure of raw coal. On the other hand, pyrolysis process improved fuel stability in the contact with the molten electrolyte at 723 K. Moreover, it was found that the susceptibility of coals to electrochemical oxidation was correlated with their thermal heating values …”

Section: Brown Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, pyrolysis process improved fuel stability in the contact with the molten electrolyte at 723 K. Moreover, it was found that the susceptibility of coals to electrochemical oxidation was correlated with their thermal heating values. 48 Obtained results will be incorporated into a hydrodynamic fuel cell design that allows for continuous fueling and ash removal. This is the next step in the development of a practical operating MH-DCFC capable of utilizing various types of carbonaceous fuels.…”

Section: Brown Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

Kacprzak

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Among numerous modern high‐performance energy technologies that allow for conversion of chemical energy into electricity and heat, the most interesting are direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs). They are the only ones among all types of fuel cells that allow for a direct conversion of chemical energy stored in the solid fuel (carbon) into electricity. Furthermore, they are characterized by high performance, which is not limited due to the Carnot's rule, low emissions of such substances as SO2, NOx, fly ashes and others, and a relatively simple design since there are no moving components. Nowadays, DCFCs have been developed all over the world. These cells differ first and foremost in the electrolyte they use. The type of electrolyte determines both configuration of the device and operating temperature. The paper discusses current state of knowledge concerning DCFC technology with alkaline (hydroxide) electrolyte and presents the results of research and development studies concerning such cells all over the world. Furthermore, main factors and parameters that impact on the operation of individual cells and potential challenges that have to be overcome in order to develop these technologies were characterized and discussed.

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The anodic reaction zone and performance of different carbonaceous fuels in a batch molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst

A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

Hydroxide electrolyte direct carbon fuel cells—Technology review

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