The anomalous thermal expansion of water

Ivanov, Dragia; Nikolov, Stefan

doi:10.1088/1361-6552/ab9480

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…to form soils. [101] The detailed mechanism of this anomalous temperature dependence of water density remains still a matter of debate. [102] This water anomaly at 4 °C also has observable effects on luminescent materials.…”

Section: Water Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This anomaly alters the convection mechanism of water at low temperatures and has significant effects in nature, for example, it influences the preservation of ecosystems in frozen lakes and promotes erosion of porous rocks to form soils. [ 101 ] The detailed mechanism of this anomalous temperature dependence of water density remains still a matter of debate. [ 102 ] This water anomaly at 4 °C also has observable effects on luminescent materials.…”

Section: Water Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water: An Influential Agent for Lanthanide‐Doped Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Labrador‐Páez

Kostiv

Widengren

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Optimization of lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles for use in nanomedicine has encountered some difficulties due to the specific properties of water as a solvent. In this review, the current challenges for the adaptation of lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles to aqueous environments, and promising strategies to optimize their colloidal dispersibility and stability in water and physiological buffers, are summarized. Moreover, the possible luminescence de‐excitation paths caused by water molecule vibrations and how they can be prevented under different measurement conditions are discussed. This review also deals with the latest developments in lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticle design for nanomedicine, to increase the depth at which they can be monitored, which is mainly limited by the absorption bands of water. Furthermore, the anomalous temperature dependence of water and the different effects it has on lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles in the physiological temperature range are commented on. Finally, a critical opinion on the possible next steps in this field is provided.

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Section: Water Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water: An Influential Agent for Lanthanide‐Doped Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Labrador‐Páez

Kostiv

Widengren

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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show abstract

“…In this case seawater heated near its freezing point becomes lighter than the surroundings and hence rises. In contrast, at lower salinities, heating of water close to freezing temperatures, actually makes water denser, due to the anomalous expansion of near-freezing water (Ede, 1956;Ivanov & Nikolov, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent behavior of hydrothermal plumes in fresh versus salty icy ocean worlds

Bire

Mittal

Kang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Water parcels close to their freezing point contract and become heavy on warming if they are sufficiently fresh, but expand and become buoyant when salty. We explore the resulting divergent behavior of hydrothermal plumes in fresh verses salty icy ocean worlds, with particular emphasis on Enceladus and Europa. Salty oceans develop buoyant plumes which rise upwards in the water column when energized by localised hydrothermal vents. Fresh oceans, instead, develop bottom-hugging gravity currents when heated near the freezing point, because of the anomalous contraction of fluid parcels on warming. The contrasting dynamics are highlighted and the implications discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this assumption, seawater heated near its freezing point becomes lighter than the surroundings and hence rises. In contrast, at lower salinities (about half of Earth's ocean salinity), heating of water close to freezing temperatures, actually makes water denser, due to the anomalous expansion of near-freezing water (Ede, 1956;Ivanov & Nikolov, 2020). As first discussed by Melosh et al (2004), if the ocean is sufficiently fresh a pool of increasingly warm but dense water can form at the base of the ocean and inhibit convection from directly reaching the upper light layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent Behavior of Hydrothermal Plumes in Fresh Versus Salty Icy Ocean Worlds

Bire,

Mittal,

Kang

et al. 2023

JGR Planets

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Water parcels close to their freezing point contract and become heavy on warming if they are sufficiently fresh (salinity less than 22g kg−1 for earth's ocean), but expand and become buoyant when salty (salinity greater than 22g kg−1). We explore the resulting divergent behavior of hydrothermal plumes in fresh versus salty icy ocean worlds, with particular emphasis on Europa and Enceladus. Large, salty, putative Europa‐like oceans, develop buoyant plumes which rise upwards in the water column when energized by localized hydrothermal vents. Instead, small, fresher, putative Enceladus‐like oceans, can develop bottom‐hugging gravity currents when heated near the freezing point, due to the anomalous contraction of fluid parcels on warming. Such a bottom‐filling regime would most likely be a transient stage in the evolution of an icy moon over geological time. The contrasting dynamics are highlighted and rationalized in terms of key non‐dimensional numbers with a focus on the ability of ocean to carry bio‐markers from the hydrothermal activity at the bottom to the ice shell at the top. Finally, the implications of our study for prioritizing future missions to icy moons are discussed. An advantage of a mission to a large icy moon (e.g., Europa), rather than a smaller target (e.g., Enceladus), is that a larger moon's ocean would likely support buoyant convection, which could bring signatures of seafloor venting to the outer ice‐shell regardless of that ocean's salinity. For smaller icy moons, the nature of convection would hinge on its assumed salinity.

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The anomalous thermal expansion of water

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Water: An Influential Agent for Lanthanide‐Doped Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Water: An Influential Agent for Lanthanide‐Doped Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Divergent behavior of hydrothermal plumes in fresh versus salty icy ocean worlds

Divergent Behavior of Hydrothermal Plumes in Fresh Versus Salty Icy Ocean Worlds

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