The another toxic effect if carbamate insecticides

Abstract

The activities of the antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in the liver and kidney of rabbits after exposure to bendiocarb. In the liver, the activities of SOD, CAT and GR were not affected by bendiocarb. The induction or inhibition of isoenzymes of SOD (mainly MnSOD) were observed in the experimental groups. The activities of GSHPx-cum and GSHPx-H2O2 significantly decreased on the days 3 and 10 of the experiment. The activity of GST significantly increased on the day 9 of the experiment. In the kidney, the activity of SOD was significantly increased and the new MnSOD isoenzymes were detected. The activities of CAT and GSHPx-H2O2 were significantly decreased in the experimental groups. The activity of GR significantly increased on days 3 and 10, and the activity of GST was significantly increased on days 3, 10, and 30. Exposure of rabbit to bendiocarb did not affect the content of TBARS in the kidney. In the liver, the content of TBARS was significantly increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control. Our results showed that the response of organs to bendiocarb is different and may depend on the specific organ damage and their protective abilities. The alterations in the activities of the antioxidant defence system, increased TBARS values, and changes in the SOD isoenzyme pattern showed that the toxic effect of bendiocarb is not only in the acetylcholine esterase inhibition, but also in ROS production.

Ultrastructural changes in the rabbit liver induced by carbamate insecticide bendiocarb

“…Changes were detected also in the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an indicator of oxidative stress. [30] Its significant increase indicates increased production of ROS.…”

“…Increased synthesis of Mn SOD in the rabbits was detected on days 10 and 30 of the experiment. [30] On day 3 of the experiment, when Mn SOD was not yet induced, some hepatocytes showed changes in ultrastructure of mitochondria that could subsequently lead to cell alterations.…”

Effect of bendiocarb on development of the chick embryo

“…The blockage of AChE caused by bendiocarb persists for approximately 24 h and the situation returns to normal because the insecticide does not accumulate in mammalian tissues (Siroťáková et al, 2005). In agriculture it is used against a variety of insects, especially those in soil (Sobeková et al, 2009) and to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, fl ies, household and agricultural pests; Flešárová et al, 2007). An acute oral toxicity (LD 50 ) was investigated in diff erent adult mammals: rat 34-156 mg kg −1 , guinea pig 35 mg kg , hen 137 mg kg −1 (WHO, 2005); fi sh 0.7-1.8 mg l −1 (LC 50 , Hayes and Laws, 1990); bee 0.1 μg per bee (Wright et al, 1981).…”

Structural and ultrastructural study of the rabbit kidney exposed to carbamate insecticide

“…Neurotoxicity as the main impact of carbamates as well as alterations of homeostasis (Sobekova et al 2009;Capcarova et al 2010;Mojzisova et al 2012) or other important organs such as thymus (Flesarova et al 2007), lymphoid tissue , liver (Holovska et al 2011;Pollakova et al 2012), spleen (Petrovova et al 2011), and testes (Almasiova et al 2012) have been studied in great detail.…”