Abstract:Metabolic profiling in liver and serum of mice was studied for the combined toxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), through gas chromatography mass spectrum. The spectrum of serum and liver sample of mice, treated with individual 2 mg/kg DON, 20 mg/kg ZEN, and the combined DON + ZEN with final concentration 2 mg/kg DON and 20 mg/kg ZEN for 21 days, were deconvoluted, aligned and identified with MS DIAL. The data matrix was processed with univariate analysis and multivariate analysis for se… Show more
“…In our previous study, some specific canonical markers were detected, like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), ALB/GLO in serum, which indicated the antagonistic effects between DON and ZEN 38 . The antagonistic effects also existed in serum metabolism and some tissue metabolism, including liver, kidney, spleen 18 . Figure 6 The peak height comparison of glucose derivative metabolites in individual DON group, individual ZEN group, combined DON and ZEN group, and control group.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the toxic effects of the combination of different mycotoxins on animal health and productivity remained uncovered/unrevealed. Unfortunately, the toxicity of mycotoxins in combination cannot always be predicted based upon their individual toxicities 17 , 18 . The current study increasingly addresses the combined effects of mycotoxins on the metabolism and metabolic pathways changes.…”
Urine metabolic profiling of mice was conducted utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the combinatory effect of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on the metabolism of the mice. Experiments were conducted by means of five-week-old mice which were individually exposed to 2 mg/kg DON, 20 mg/kg ZEN and the mixture of DON and ZEN (2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The intragastric administration was applied for three weeks and urine samples were collected for metabolic analysis. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to data matrix processing along with respective pathway analysis by MetaMapp and CytoScape. The results showed that the combined DON and ZEN administration resulted in lower significant changes, compared to the individual mycotoxin treated groups verified by heatmap. Metabolic pathways network mapping indicated that the combined mycotoxins treated groups showed a little effect on the metabolites in most pathways, especially in glucose metabolism and its downstream amino acid metabolism. In glucose metabolism, the content of galactose, mannitol, galactonic acid, myo-inositol, tagatose was drastically down-regulated. Furthermore, the organic acids, pyruvate, and amino acids metabolism displayed the same phenomenon. In conclusion, the combined DON/ZEN administration might lead to an “antagonistic effect” in mice metabolism.
“…In our previous study, some specific canonical markers were detected, like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), ALB/GLO in serum, which indicated the antagonistic effects between DON and ZEN 38 . The antagonistic effects also existed in serum metabolism and some tissue metabolism, including liver, kidney, spleen 18 . Figure 6 The peak height comparison of glucose derivative metabolites in individual DON group, individual ZEN group, combined DON and ZEN group, and control group.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the toxic effects of the combination of different mycotoxins on animal health and productivity remained uncovered/unrevealed. Unfortunately, the toxicity of mycotoxins in combination cannot always be predicted based upon their individual toxicities 17 , 18 . The current study increasingly addresses the combined effects of mycotoxins on the metabolism and metabolic pathways changes.…”
Urine metabolic profiling of mice was conducted utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the combinatory effect of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on the metabolism of the mice. Experiments were conducted by means of five-week-old mice which were individually exposed to 2 mg/kg DON, 20 mg/kg ZEN and the mixture of DON and ZEN (2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The intragastric administration was applied for three weeks and urine samples were collected for metabolic analysis. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to data matrix processing along with respective pathway analysis by MetaMapp and CytoScape. The results showed that the combined DON and ZEN administration resulted in lower significant changes, compared to the individual mycotoxin treated groups verified by heatmap. Metabolic pathways network mapping indicated that the combined mycotoxins treated groups showed a little effect on the metabolites in most pathways, especially in glucose metabolism and its downstream amino acid metabolism. In glucose metabolism, the content of galactose, mannitol, galactonic acid, myo-inositol, tagatose was drastically down-regulated. Furthermore, the organic acids, pyruvate, and amino acids metabolism displayed the same phenomenon. In conclusion, the combined DON/ZEN administration might lead to an “antagonistic effect” in mice metabolism.
“…During exposure to environmental mycotoxins, animals often encounter mixtures of toxins, rather than single toxins. Therefore, the toxicity of mycotoxins needs to be addressed in the context of their mixtures to assess their health risk [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, studies on the effects of mycotoxin combinations are relatively rare, and their results are very ambiguous [ 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 ].…”
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of single and combined administrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on the histology and ultrastructure of pig liver. The study was performed on immature gilts, which were divided into four equal groups. Animals in the experimental groups received DON at a dose of 12 μg/kg body weight (BW) per day, ZEN at 40 μg/kg BW per day, or a mixture of DON (12 μg/kg BW per day) and ZEN (40 μg/kg BW). The control group received vehicle. The animals were killed after 1, 3, and 6 weeks of experiment. Treatment with mycotoxins resulted in several changes in liver histology and ultrastructure, including: (1) an increase in the thickness of the perilobular connective tissue and its penetration to the lobules in gilts receiving DON and DON + ZEN; (2) an increase in the total microscopic liver score (histology activity index (HAI)) in pigs receiving DON and DON + ZEN; (3) dilatation of hepatic sinusoids in pigs receiving ZEN, DON and DON + ZEN; (4) temporary changes in glycogen content in all experimental groups; (5) an increase in iron accumulation in the hepatocytes of gilts treated with ZEN and DON + ZEN; (6) changes in endoplasmic reticulum organization in the hepatocytes of pigs receiving toxins; (7) changes in morphology of Browicz–Kupffer cells after treatment with ZEN, DON, and DON + ZEN. The results show that low doses of mycotoxins used in the present study, even when applied for a short period, affected liver morphology.
“…The level of hepatic impairment depended on manner of a dose of DON and time interval. Very interesting results suggest Ji et al (2017), they studied metabolic profiling in liver and serum of mice for the combined toxic effects of DON and ZEN. As their results showed, consequences of the combined toxic effect of DON and ZEN have an obvious"antagonistic effect"in liver tissue metabolic profiling in mice.…”
Section: : Liver Mesh Of Rats In Group B (60 % Part Of Mycotoxins Comentioning
The presence of mycotoxins in animal feed cause health disorders and can also contribute to other factors such as stress, lack of nutrition, infectious agents etc. The aim of this article was to study effect of feed ration contaminated with mycotoxins on liver histology and live weight of laboratory rats. 15 pieces of laboratory rats were divided into 3 groups (A, B, C). The rats in first group (A) fed with part of 30 % mycotoxin-contaminated barley, in second group (B were fed with 60 % and in control group (C) were fed without mycotoxin-contaminated barley. Content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was 9634 µg / kg and content of zearalenone (ZEN) was 2192 µg / kg. Barley monodietus were given rats in all groups to induce a nutritional imbalance. The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of mycotoxins and nutritional imbalances on weight gains and liver histology. The question is, "will the presence of mycotoxins in feed dose increase negative effect of a monodiets on health status?" No significant differences were found between the observed parameters. The presence of mycotoxins did not aggravate the negative effect of the monodiets on liver histology of the experimental rats.
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