The Anterior Jugular Venous System: Variability and Clinical Impact

Schummer, Wolfram; Schummer, Claudia; Bredle, Donald L.; Fröber, Rosemarie

doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000138038.33738.32

Cited by 40 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The case of facial vein, continuing as anterior jugular vein, without joining anterior division of retromandibular vein has not been reported yet. According to Schummer et al (2004), the anterior jugular veins enlarge in the case of thrombosis of internal jugular vein. This may be associated with enlarged jugular arch also.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be associated with enlarged jugular arch also. The complications of central venous catheterization may be due to this kind of variations in the superficial veins of the neck (Schummer et al, 2004). Ultrasound guidance reduces both the duration of time and the number of punctures required to cannulate the internal jugular vein in such cases (Koski et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surgically important variations of the jugular veins

Nayak

2006

Clin. Anat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Knowledge of variations of veins of head and neck in relation to external jugular, anterior jugular, internal jugular, and facial veins is important to surgeons doing head and neck surgery as well as to radiologists doing catheterization and to clinicians in general. In the current case, multiple variations in the veins of the left side of neck are reported. The anterior division of retromandibular vein was absent. The facial vein continued as anterior jugular vein. The internal jugular vein was duplicated above the level of hyoid bone. There was a large communicating vein between the anterior jugular vein and anterior division of internal jugular vein. Lingual vein drained into the communicating vein. Jugular venous arch was abnormally large, doubled, and highly placed. The veins of the right side were normal.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgically important variations of the jugular veins

Nayak

2006

Clin. Anat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the IJV is an important diagnostic reference for cervical pathologies involving lymph nodes and venous thromboses (Müller, 1991;Williams, 1997;Poon et al, 2004;Schummer et al, 2004). As a result, unexpected duplication of the IJV could impact on specific clinical procedures, creating the possibility of either iatrogenic morbidity or incorrect diagnosis.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Ijv and Ejv Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral duplicated internal jugular veins: Case study and literature review

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A rare bilateral duplication of the internal jugular vein (IJV) was discovered during cadaveric dissection. From each jugular foramen, a single IJV descended to the level of the hyoid bone then divided into medial and lateral veins. The medial IJVs traveled in the carotid sheath; the lateral IJVs coursed posterolateral to the sheath across the lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) of the neck. On the right side, medial and lateral IJVs entered the subclavian vein separately. C2-C3 anterior rami and the suprascapular artery passed between the medial and lateral IJVs. The right external jugular vein passed aberrantly between the heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) into the subclavian vein anterior to the lateral IJV. On the left side, the medial IJV drained into a large bulbous jugulovertebrosubclavian (JVS) sinus that received six main vessels. The lateral IJV diverged posterolaterally toward the border of the trapezius muscle, received the transverse cervical vein, and then turned sharply anteromedially to drain into the JVS sinus. The lateral IJV also gave an aberrant additional large vein that passed laterally around the omohyoid muscle before entering the JVS sinus. The left external jugular vein paralleled the anterior border of SCM before passing posterolaterally to terminate in the JVS sinus. Jugular vein anomalies of this magnitude are very rare. Determining the frequency of multiple IJVs is hampered by inconsistent terminology. We suggest that IJV duplication differs from fenestration anatomically and, potentially, developmentally. Criteria for characterizing IJV duplication and fenestration are proposed. The mechanism of development and the clinical significance of multiple IJVs are discussed.

show abstract

“…A very common procedure is the cannulation of a central vein in the neck, such as the IJV, the EJV and the SCV (Asouhidou et al, 2008;Schummer et al). Particularly, the IJV seems to be the vein that is most used for central venous access and especially the right one, because of the absence of the thoracic duct (Asouhidou et al; Dennis & Uretsky 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its diameter is usually inverse to that of the EJV (Standring et al.). It might be larger than the EJV in case of thrombosis of the EJV (Nayak, 2006;Schummer et al, 2004). In one case cited by Fabian & Gesase (2006) the right AJV opened into the jugulo-subclavian venous confluence while the left AJV drained into the left IJV just before the formation of the confluence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY:During anatomical dissection of a female Caucasian cadaver in our department, we observed an unusual termination of seven veins at the jugulo-subclavian junction. Normally, the jugulo-subclavian junction is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, and gives rise to the brachionocephalic vein. In our case, except from these two, five additional veins, namely the cephalic vein, the transverse cervical vein, the external jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and the vertebral vein, were also joined at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. Such a variation has not yet been reported in the literature. INTRODUCTIONThe jugulo-subclavian junction is formed at the base of the neck bilaterally, posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, by the union of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian vein (SCV) (Calen et al., 1986). From this confluence the brachionocephalic vein (BCV) is formed. Then, the left and right BCV are joined in order to form the superior vena cava. In the present study we report a case in which at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, seven veins instead of two are joined in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODThe reported anatomical variations were discovered in the right side of a female Caucasian cadaver (deceased at the age of 89 from respiratory insufficiency), during routine educational dissection at the Anatomy Department of the Medical School of the University of Athens, Greece. RESULTSOn the right upper arm and posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle we discovered that seven veins were united in order to form the right BCV vein (Fig. 1). Dissecting the area from the acromial end of the clavicle to the base of the neck (supraclavical triangle), we noticed that four veins joined the SCV in the following order (clockwise, seen from the front): the cephalic vein (CV), the transverse cervical vein (TCV), the external jugular vein (EJV) and the anterior jugular vein (AJV) (Fig. 2). The next vein to join the junction was the internal jugular vein (IJV), following its expected course. The last vein to reach the common junction was the vertebral vein (VV) (also clockwise). It should be pointed out, that the CV, after piercing the clavipectoral fascia, did not join the axillary vein as usual, but instead, crossed over the clavicle and ended at the common junction. Also, the AJV was rather thick and was larger than the EJV and the IJV. Accordingly, the right BCV vein was formed after the junction from all these veins. Its length was 5.8 cm and after its formation, continued its course as expected. The course of the other seven veins was also normal (except CV) until the point of the junction.Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. 1259 has even the double diameter (Standring et al., 2008). The EJV has been found to flow in the jugulo-subclavian junction in the anatomical study of Deslaugiers et al. (1994) on 50 cadavers in 60%, ei...

show abstract

The Anterior Jugular Venous System: Variability and Clinical Impact

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Surgically important variations of the jugular veins

Surgically important variations of the jugular veins

Bilateral duplicated internal jugular veins: Case study and literature review

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About