The Antheridiogen Neighborhood of Polystichum acrostichoides (Dryopteridaceae) on a Native Substrate

Greer, Gary K.; McCarthy, Brian C.

doi:10.1086/297488

Cited by 9 publications

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“…For P. acrostichoides, McCarthy (1997, 1999) reported that isolated gametophytes grown on soil invariably became female and remained unisexual, forming antheridia only on lobes separated from the meristem by necrosis. This pattern of sex expression, mediated by antheridiogen (Näf, 1979;Greer and McCarthy, 1997), would provide a mechanism to explain the species' highly outcrossing mating system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferns' great capacity for dispersal via windblown spores presumably facilitates outcrossing by increasing mate availability in many habitats. In order to mate, however, two gametophytes must establish simultaneously within about 5-10 cm of one another, an unlikely event after long-distance dispersal (Peck et al, 1990;Schneller et al, 1990;Greer and McCarthy, 1997). Thus, selfing may be as important to colonization in ferns as in seed plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post‐agricultural forests

Flinn

2006

American J of Botany

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Because selfing enables a single individual to reproduce in a new location, the ability to self-fertilize should enhance plants' capacity for colonization. This study examined whether selfing ability correlated with successful migration in three fern species, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris intermedia, and Polystichum acrostichoides, which vary in their ability to colonize forests on abandoned agricultural lands in central New York, USA. Polystichum acrostichoides is much more frequent in forests that were never cleared for agriculture, D. carthusiana is more frequent in forests that developed on former fields, and D. intermedia is equally frequent in the two forest types. To test the hypothesis that better-colonizing species and post-agricultural forest populations have greater selfing ability, I assessed the sporophyte production of gametophytes grown in isolation and in pairs of varying relatedness. Dryopteris carthusiana had the highest reproductive success and selfing ability and P. acrostichoides the lowest. These results support the hypothesis that selfing may facilitate colonization in these species. They also exemplify the general pattern that polyploid fern species have higher rates of self-fertilization than related diploids, as the allotetraploid D. carthusiana had greater selfing ability than both diploid species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post‐agricultural forests

Flinn

2006

American J of Botany

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“…In the wild, drainage and biotic and abiotic interactions within soil probably reduced concentrations of these phytochemicals well below those used here. Nevertheless, Greer and McCarthy (1997) observed a peak in cordate males in populations growing on soil at the periphery of the antheridiogen neighborhood (the horizontal range of effect from a source gametophyte) of Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pheromonal Interactions Among Cordate Gametophytes of the Lady Fern, Athyrium filix-femina

Greer

Curry

2004

American Fern Journal

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Pheromonal interactions between cordate gametophytes of the lady fern, A. filixfemina, were assayed using a protocol typically used for detecting water-soluble pheromones such as antheridiogen. Three week-old, cordate gametophytes were transferred from multispore cultures grown on nutrient agar to agar containing extracts from a previous generation of gametophytes (treatment) and to fresh nutrient agar (control). Three weeks after transfer, fifty gametophytes were examined from treatment and control plates. Each gametophyte was measured for size (area) and shape (circularity) and scored for number of antheridia and archegonia. Treatment gametoph^les were significantly smaller, less circular, had fewer archegonia, and possessed antheridia more often than control gametophytes, a pattern consistent with known antheridiogen effects on gametophytes of transitional morphology and sensitivity. The experiment was repeated using gametophytes that were six weeks old at time of transfer to treatment and control plates. Treatment gametoph>^es in the second experiment did not differ significantly in size (area) or length from control gametophytes; however treatment gametophytes were more circular and possessed greater widths and length : width ratios, deeper notches, and fewer archegonia. We present a model in which one or more phytochemicals released by cordate gametophytes increase rates of anticlinal division in the apical meristem. The possibilities that the substances involved are phytohormones involved in the development of a notch meristem and cordate morphology in the source gametonhvte. and that antheridioeen may be involved, are explored.

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“…These considerations may explain why dioecious mating systems, with genetically determined sex, are unknown among homosporous ferns. Gametophytes of some fern species precociously produce antheridia in the presence of larger archegoniate gametophytes, but the existence of local populations of unisexual gametophytes is a labile response of potentially bisexual gametophytes [88][89][90].…”

Section: Comparisons With Fernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living together and living apart: the sexual lives of bryophytes

Haig¹

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. Haploid gametophytes of bryophytes spread by clonal growth but mate locally, within an area defined by the range of sperm movement. Rarity of establishment from spores or vegetative competition can result in unisexual populations unable to reproduce sexually. Females typically outcompete males, probably because females expend fewer resources than males on the production of gametes. Extreme sexual dimorphism-tiny males growing as epiphytes on much larger females-has evolved many times. Haploid selfing is common in bryophytes with bisexual gametophytes, and results in completely homozygous sporophytes. Spores from these sporophytes recapitulate the genotype of their single haploid parent. This process can be considered analogous to 'asexual' reproduction with 'sexual' reproduction occurring after rare outcrossing between haploid parents. Ferns also produce bisexual haploid gametophytes but, unlike bryophytes, haploid outcrossing predominates over haploid selfing. This difference is probably related to clonal growth and vegetative competition occurring in the haploid but not the diploid phase in bryophytes, but the reverse in ferns. Ferns are thereby subject to stronger inbreeding depression than bryophytes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. Sexual lives of bryophytesAnimal life histories are characterized by multicellular diploid individuals that produce haploid gametes by meiosis. Gametes are the only haploid cells of such life cycles. The life histories of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are fundamentally different. Multicellular haploid gametophytes (gameteproducing plants) produce gametes by mitosis. The fertilization of an ovum by a sperm produces a zygote that develops into a short-lived multicellular diploid sporophyte (spore-producing plant) that grows attached to the maternal gametophyte on which it depends for nutrients. Sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis that germinate to produce new gametophytes (figure 1). Mating is restricted to the distance over which sperm can find ova, usually in the millimetre to centimetre range [1]. Clonal expansion occurs via vegetative spread of gametophytes into neighbouring space and production of gemmae (asexual propagules) that disperse gametophytic clones to new sites [2].Gametophytes of dioecious bryophytes are unisexual, producing either eggs or sperm, but not both. Males and females compete for space but require close proximity for sexual reproduction. By contrast, gametophytes of monoecious bryophytes are bisexual, able to produce both eggs and sperm. A bisexual gametophyte that fertilizes its own eggs engenders homozygous sporophytes all of whose spores are genetically identical (excepting meiotic errors and postzygotic mutations). Roughly 70% of liverworts, 60% of mosses and 40% of hornworts are dioecious [3]. Bryophyte life cycles are not only fascinating in th...

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The Antheridiogen Neighborhood of Polystichum acrostichoides (Dryopteridaceae) on a Native Substrate

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post‐agricultural forests

Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post‐agricultural forests

Pheromonal Interactions Among Cordate Gametophytes of the Lady Fern, Athyrium filix-femina

Living together and living apart: the sexual lives of bryophytes

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