The anthropogenic sealing of soils in urban areas

Scalenghe, Riccardo; Marsan, Franco Ajmone

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.011

Cited by 393 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Urban terrestrial ecosystems are affected by urbanization also in other ways. Along with the spatial growth of cities and the increase of IS density, they become smaller, gradually losing their linkages to the surrounding ecosystems (Scalenghe & Marsan 2009) and their ecological integrity. Their biocenoses suffer from heat and drought, and, on the other hand, from occasional floods (Douglas et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of impervious surfaces on ecohydrology and health in urban ecosystems of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia)

Lepeška¹

2016

Soil Water Res.

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The risks of accelerated runoff and its larger amounts brought by urbanisation include increased flood flows and pollution of downstream ecosystems. One of the most significant permanent effect of urban sprawl is soil sealing, which alters natural infiltration and runoff. In addition to imperviousness, the increased runoff from sealed and compacted surfaces results in increased sedimentation of stream ecosystems with contaminants. In most urban planning strategies, water related ecosystems have already become the fundamental components of the integrated urban landscape management, but still have been referred to as objects of protection or rehabilitation; not as management tools. This paper shows how soil sealing significantly affects urban environment and urban ecosystems health. It also demonstrates significant impacts of a city on downstream ecosystems. Data obtained from orthophotomap vectorization showed that the model urban catchment is relatively highly urbanized. 45% of model area is sealed mainly with buildings (40.41%), streets (31.01%), and parking lots (25.28%). Compared to natural basins, urban runoff is 64 times higher and carries a significant amount of pollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of impervious surfaces on ecohydrology and health in urban ecosystems of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia)

Lepeška¹

2016

Soil Water Res.

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“…Built-up urban areas in Europe account for approximately 4% of total landcover (EEA, 2010), within which a large proportion of the soil surface may be sealed, for example in Germany it is estimated that capped surfaces account for approximately 52% of the total urban area (EEA, 2006). However, at a European scale it has been estimated that 9% of the total land cover is capped by artificial surface (Scalenghe and Marsan, 2009), this higher figure will include the entire transport network and buildings outside urban areas, not included in EEA (2010) estimates.…”

Section: Organic Carbon In Urban Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a carbon capture function into urban soils

Renforth

Edmondson

Leake

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Desig

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Soils, if designed and managed correctly, can retain carbon from the atmosphere as accumulated organic matter, refractory forms of carbon (e.g. biochar) or stable, inorganic, carbonate minerals. This soil 'carbon capture function' is highly applicable to the constructed environment in urban areas and should be considered when planning for new or existing developments. The total carbon capture potential of soils in cities may be as high as 7 Mt y -1 within the UK using biochar and accumulated carbonate minerals, which is equivalent in significance to other forms of geoengineering. Furthermore, soil and vegetation management practices may be implemented to accumulate plant-derived organic carbon in urban soils. The potential for substantial soil-based carbon sequestration in urban environments has yet to be realised, and the varied praxis of soil carbon capture presents accreditation and regulatory challenges to the planning system which need to be resolved.

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“…Open green space within the city has decreased from 28.8% in 1984 to 6.2% in 2007 (Firman 2009). These land cover conversions lead to waterproofing of the soil, which in turn leads to a decrease in the infiltration rate (Scalenghe & Marsan 2009). At the same time, these land cover changes lead to increased erosion rates in the upper and middle watersheds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effects of climate and land cover changes on river discharge and sediment yield, and an adaptive spatial planning in the Jakarta region

2014

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In Jakarta, climate change has been detected through rising air temperatures, increased intensity of rainfall in the wet season, and sea level rise. The coupling of such changes with local anthropogenic driven modifications in the environmental setting could contribute to an increased probability of flooding, due to increases in both extreme river discharge and sedimentation (as a result of erosion in the watersheds above Jakarta and as indicated by sediment yield in the downstream area). In order to respond to the observed and projected changes in river discharge and sediment yield, and their secondary impacts, adaptation strategies are required. A possible adaptation strategy is through policy making in the field of spatial planning. For example, in Indonesia, presidential regulation number 54 year 2008 (Peraturan Presiden Nomor 54 Tahun 2008 -Perpres 54/2008) was issued as a reference for the implementation of water and soil conservation. This paper assesses the impact of climate and land cover change on river discharge and sediment yield, as well as the effects of Perpres 54/2008 on that river discharge and sediment yield. The spatial water balance model STREAM (Spatial Tools for River Basins and Environmental and Analysis of Management Option) was used for the runoff computations, whilst the SDAS model (Spatial Decision Assistance of Watershed Sedimentation) was used to simulate erosion, Sediment Delivery Ratio, and sediment yield. The computation period is from January 1901 to December 2005, at the scale of the following watersheds: Ciujung, Cisadane, Ciliwung, and Citarum. During the 20 th century, computed average discharge in the downstream area (near Jakarta) increased between 2.5 m 3 s -1 /month and 35 m 3 s -1 /month, and sediment yield increased between 1×10 3 tons/year and 42×10 3 tons/year. These changes were caused by changes in both land cover and climate, with the former playing a stronger role. Based on a computation under a theoretical full implementation of the spatial plan proposed by Perpres 54/2008, river discharge would decrease by up to 5% in the Ciliwung watershed, and 26% in the Cisadane watershed. The implementation of Perpres 54/2008 could also decrease the sediment yield, by up to 61% and 22% in the Ciliwung and Cisadane watersheds respectively. These findings show that the implementation of the spatial plan of Perpres 54/2008 could significantly improve watershed response to runoff and erosion. This study may serve as a tool for assessing the reduction of climate change impacts and evaluating the role of spatial planning for adaptation strategies.

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The anthropogenic sealing of soils in urban areas

Cited by 393 publications

References 90 publications

The impact of impervious surfaces on ecohydrology and health in urban ecosystems of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia)

The impact of impervious surfaces on ecohydrology and health in urban ecosystems of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia)

Designing a carbon capture function into urban soils

Assessment of the effects of climate and land cover changes on river discharge and sediment yield, and an adaptive spatial planning in the Jakarta region

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