The anthropometric assessment of dysmorphic features in schizophrenia as an index of its developmental origins

Lane, Abbie; Kinsella, Anthony; Murphy, P.; Byrne, Majella; Keenan, Julian Paul; Colgan, K.; Cassidy, Brendan; Sheppard, Noel; Horgan, Richard; Waddington, John L.; Larkin, Conall; O’Callaghan, Eadbhard

doi:10.1017/s0033291797005503

Cited by 187 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recent studies have started providing additional information regardmental retardation were also prevalent. This study extends previous studies that have reported an neurological disorders is known to arise from the expansion of trinucleotide repeats between generations increased prevalence of certain minor physical abnormalities in schizophrenic patients [22][23][24][25] and suggests of affected individuals. 150 The evidence for dominant inheritance and anticipation, the apparent prevalence that other microdeletions (among other potential etiologies) may be causing the dysmorphic features of dominant genes in schizophrenia as well as the high frequency of human brain genes containing trinucleoidentified.…”

Section: Genetic Approachessupporting

confidence: 89%

Dissecting the genetic complexity of schizophrenia

Karayiorgou

Gogos

1997

Mol Psychiatry

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Twin, adoption and family studies have provided overwhelming but indirect evidence for a significant genetic contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia. More recent studies exploiting a plethora of highly polymorphic genetic markers provide a more direct approach to the identification and localization of genes. Current investigative efforts to identify schizophrenia susceptibility genes include diverse approaches such as linkage analysis, association studies, search for chromosomal abnormalities, analysis of disorders or syndromes with simple inheritance that overlap phenotypically with schizophrenia, studies of genetic anticipation and efforts to facilitate genetic analysis by reducing the phenotypic complexity of the disease. For the first time, after many years, there are now several promising findings, as well as replication efforts that inspire a certain degree of confidence in them.

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Section: Genetic Approachessupporting

confidence: 89%

Dissecting the genetic complexity of schizophrenia

Karayiorgou

Gogos

1997

Mol Psychiatry

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“…Anthropometric techniques have indicated subtle facial dysmorphology also in schizophrenia. We (Lane et al 1997) and others (McGrath et al 2002;Donovan-Lepore et al 2006) have noted altered proportions along the midline together with abnormalities of the eyes and widening of the skull base.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Furthermore, the frontonasal prominence also contributes to development of the forehead, philtrum of upper lip and primary palate (Marcucio et al 2005;Tapadia et al 2005); the primary palate is a midline structure noted consistently to be dysmorphic in schizophrenia on inspection (Lane et al 1996;McNeil et al 2000;Lane et al 1997). In other domains of facial development: the lateral nasal prominences form the sides of the nose; the maxillary prominences contribute to the sides of the face and lips; and the mandibular prominences produce the lower jaw (Marcucio et al 2005;Tapadia et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Laser Surface Imaging and Geometric Morphometrics Resolve Frontonasal Dysmorphology in Schizophrenia

Hennessy

Baldwin

Browne

et al. 2007

Biological Psychiatry

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“…9 MPAs in the cefalo-facial area can occur along with in utero structural changes of the brain that show relation to schizophrenia development. 11,6 According to Trixler et al certain anomalies of the mouth and head have more signifi cant relationship with neurodevelopmental anomalies than the cumulative prevalence of MPAs. 12 Similarly, Weinberg et al suggest that information of the body areas showing a greater susceptibility to dysmorphic changes in the context of schizophrenia may be a key to the timing of anomalies and their relationship with neurodevelopment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker Profile of Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenia Patients

Akabaliev

Sivkov²,

Mantarkov³

et al. 2011

Folia Medica

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AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and topographical distribution of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia patients and control subjects, and the ability of the items of the Waldrop scale to predict the patient-control status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 128 schizophrenic patients (66 men, 62 women) and 103 normal controls (49 men, 54 women) were evaluated for MPAs with a modifi ed version of the Waldrop scale. RESULTS: Compared with controls, schizophrenia patients showed a higher incidence of almost all studied MPAs, differences being statistically signifi cant for 12 items: fi ne electric hair, abnormal hair whorls, epicanthus, adherent ear-lobes, lower edges of the ears extending backward/upward, malformed ears, asymmetrical ears, high/arched palate, furrowed tongue, smooth/rough spots on the tongue, III toe ≥ II toe, big gap between I and II toe. Some anomalies occurred with almost equal frequency in schizophrenic patients and controls, while others were more than 10 times more common in patients (odds ratio: 0.62 -10.55). The distribution frequency of MPAs in schizophrenia tended to increase in the cranial direction. Nine predictor MPA biomarkers successfully distinguished 81.10% of patients, 81.55% of controls, and 81.30% of all examined subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated incidence of MPA biomarkers in schizophrenia patients implies impaired neurodevelopment that increases the risk for the development of schizophrenia. The pattern of changes in the morphological characteristics suggests they may be a random outcome of a general neurodevelopmental defect or may refl ect different neurodevelopmental defects that allow better characterization of schizophrenia patients subgroups.

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The anthropometric assessment of dysmorphic features in schizophrenia as an index of its developmental origins

Cited by 187 publications

References 34 publications

Dissecting the genetic complexity of schizophrenia

Dissecting the genetic complexity of schizophrenia

Three-Dimensional Laser Surface Imaging and Geometric Morphometrics Resolve Frontonasal Dysmorphology in Schizophrenia

Biomarker Profile of Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenia Patients

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