The anti-borreliae efficacy of phytochemicals and micronutrients: an update

Goc, Anna; Rath, Matthias

doi:10.1177/2049936116655502

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A variety of them have shown in vitro activity against a plethora of bacteria and fungi species including Borrelia sp. [30][31][32][33]. In addition, many of them demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating characteristics that have relevance in anti-LD therapies, and substantial progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of their antimicrobial action [13,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Anti-Borreliae Efficacy of a Composition of Naturally-occurring Compounds: an In vitro Study

Goc

Niedzwiecki

Rath

2019

JNB

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Background: Borrelia sp, which is a pathogenic agent of Lyme diseases in mammals, has become an increasing problem worldwide due to the emergence of persistence. In this study we investigated whether a defined composition of naturally occurring substances could display a broad and synergistic action in vitro against both active and persistent forms of Borrelia spp.Methods: A formulation of six plant-derived compounds combined at their 1/32-1/2 MIC values was tested in vitro against two species of Borrelia recognized as causative agents of Lyme disease in North America and Europe.Results: The results showed that a composition of baicalein, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, monolaurin, cis-2 decenoic acid, and iodine at their 1/8 MIC values has significant synergistic effect against the active and persisting latent forms. This composition revealed anti-oxidative properties affecting Borrelia’s membrane but not DNA. Finally, we observed its inhibitory effect on the release of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by human CD14+ monocytes stimulated with live Borrelia sp.Conclusion: These results suggest that such a formulation of compounds might be considered and further explored for its significant pleotropic anti-Borreliae efficacy. Additional in vivo and human studies are warranted to validate this possibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Anti-Borreliae Efficacy of a Composition of Naturally-occurring Compounds: an In vitro Study

Goc

Niedzwiecki

Rath

2019

JNB

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“…Juglans nigra and its constituents have been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor and chemoprotective effects (82–84). Previous in vitro testing has documented that Juglans nigra exhibited bacteriostatic activity against log phase spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii and bactericidal activity against Borrelia round bodies (85). Two different commercially available botanical formulations which contain Juglans nigra were also recently shown to have activity against log phase spirochetes of B. burgdorferi strain GCB726, round bodies and biofilm formation in in vitro testing (86).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the active constituents found in Polygonum cuspidatum is a polyphenol called resveratrol. Previous in vitro testing has documented that resveratrol exhibited activity against log phase spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii , minimal activity against borrelia round bodies, and no significant activity against borrelia associated biofilms (85). Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone), another active constituent in Polygonum cuspidatum , has been shown to have activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi cells (105).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Natural and Botanical Medicines for Activity against Growing and Non-growing Forms ofB. burgdorferi

Feng

Leone²,

Schweig³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the US. Although the current recommended Lyme antibiotic treatment can cure the majority of Lyme disease patients, about 10-20% patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. There have been various anecdotal reports on the use of herbal extracts for treating patients with persisting symptoms with varying degree of improvements. However, it is unclear whether the effect of the herb products is due to their direct antimicrobial activity or their effect on host immune system. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of 12 commonly used botanical medicines and 3 other natural antimicrobial agents for potential anti-Borrelia burgdorferi activity in vitro. Primary criteria for selecting compounds for the present study included agents that had shown significant anti-borrelial effects in previous studies, have favorable safety profiles, and can be absorbed systemically. Among them, 9 natural product extracts at 1% were found to have good activity against the stationary phase B. burgdorferi culture compared to the control antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime. These active herbs include Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Juglans nigra (Black walnut), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed), Artemesia annua (Sweet wormwood), Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s claw), Cistus incanus, and Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap). In contrast, Stevia rebaudiana, Andrographis paniculata, Grapefruit seed extract, colloidal silver, monolaurin, and antimicrobial peptide LL37 had little or no activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Artemesia annua, Juglans nigra, and Uncaria tomentosa were quite high for growing B. burgdorferi, despite their strong activity against the non-growing stationary phase B. burgdorferi cells. On the other hand, the top two active herbs, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Polygonum cuspidatum, showed strong activity against both growing B. burgdorferi (MIC=0.03%-0.06% and 0.25%-0.5% respectively) and non-growing stationary phase B. burgdorferi. In subculture studies, only 1% Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extract caused complete eradication, while current Lyme antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime and other active herbs including Polygonum cuspidatum, Artemesia annua, Juglans nigra and Uncaria tomentosa could not eradicate B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells as many spirochetes were visible after 21-day subculture. Further studies are needed to identify the active ingredients of the effective herbs and evaluate their combinations for more effective eradication of B. burgdorferi in vitro and in vivo. The implications of these findings for more effective treatment of persistent Lyme disease are discussed.

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“…These botanicals include Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's claw), Otoba parvifolia, Stevia rebaudiana, grapefruit seed extract, and teasel root. 4…”

Section: Alternative Medicine Claimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caution advised in use of alternative medicines for chronic Lyme disease

Foeri¹

2018

Pharmacy Today

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The anti-borreliae efficacy of phytochemicals and micronutrients: an update

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic Anti-Borreliae Efficacy of a Composition of Naturally-occurring Compounds: an In vitro Study

Synergistic Anti-Borreliae Efficacy of a Composition of Naturally-occurring Compounds: an In vitro Study

Evaluation of Natural and Botanical Medicines for Activity against Growing and Non-growing Forms ofB. burgdorferi

Caution advised in use of alternative medicines for chronic Lyme disease

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