The Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fermented Curcuma That Contains Butyrate Mitigate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a radical imbalance of inflammatory signaling pathways in the gastrointestinal tract, and it is categorized into two diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activities using fermented Curcuma that contains butyrate (FB). Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal mucosa appears to be enhanced in active ulcerative colitis. Here, the cytotoxicity, physiological activity, and anti-inflammatory efficacy of FB in colitis animals were investigated. To verify the anti-inflammatory effect, this study was conducted using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. As a result, non-toxicity was confirmed, and anti-inflammatory effects were revealed by inducing a reduction of LPS-induced NO production. In the DSS-induced colitis, reduced weight was recovered and a decrease in inflammatory factors Ig-E and TNF-α in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen was induced, and it was confirmed to help with the morphological remodeling of the intestine. In conclusion, this paper suggests that FB can help to alleviate intestinal inflammation and to improve the intestinal environment, with the help of morphological remodeling.

Application of Kombucha Fermentation Broth for Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Processes

“…In contrast, unfermented turmeric lacks this effect. Bayazid et al found that Clostridium butyricum -fermented turmeric can reduce LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7, revealing its anti-inflammatory effect [ 31 ]. Lim et al demonstrated that turmeric fermented by R. oligosporus exhibited a 1.44-fold inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated NO production by RAW264.7 cells after 3 d of fermentation (compared to unfermented turmeric) [ 27 ].…”

“…Turmeric kombucha and turmeric kombucha-medicated serum substantially inhibited the LPS-induced increase in inflammatory factors, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. Compared to the TW, the turmeric fermentation liquid displayed a stronger protective effect and a more pronounced regulatory impact on the immune system [ 31 ]. Turmeric-based kombucha infusions have the potential to enhance the functional and nutritional values of kombucha.…”

Therapeutic Effects of Plant Anthocyanin against Alzheimer’s Disease and Modulate Gut Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acids

“…The gut also produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are immensely studied as being bioactive in neurology [33,34]. Disruptions in the integrity of the intestinal barrier can lead to the translocation of gut-derived toxins and inflammatory molecules into the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation and potentially worsening the immune system, aggravating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage [31,34,35]. The dysbiosis in the gut triggers inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (ILs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), making a leaky gut.…”

“…The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high oxygen consumption, abundant lipid content, and relatively low levels of antioxidant defenses. In AD, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the cellular antioxidant capacity is disrupted, leading to increased oxidative stress and subsequent neurological damage [34,35,60,61]. Excessive ROS may cause the abnormal metabolism of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and lead to AD [62,63].…”

Quercetin Is An Active Agent in Berries against Neurodegenerative Diseases Progression through Modulation of Nrf2/HO1

“…Previous studies have shown that LPS administration significantly increases the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the hippocampus. The expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA is dynamically regulated by immune cells in the hippocampal inflammatory response [ 72 , 73 ]. However, quercetin has shown the ability to mitigate the abnormalities such as anxious behavior and neuroinflammation by consistently lowering LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β levels.…”