The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Spray-Dried Plasma Is Mediated by a Reduction in Mucosal Lymphocyte Activation and Infiltration in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Inflammation

Abstract

Spray-dried preparations from porcine and bovine plasma can alleviate mucosal inflammation in experimental models and improve symptoms in patients with enteropathy. In rodents, dietary supplementation with porcine spray-dried plasma (SDP) attenuates intestinal inflammation and improves the epithelial barrier function during intestinal inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). The aim of this study was to discern the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of SDP. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with 8% SDP or control diet (based on milk proteins) for two weeks, from weaning until day 33. On day 32, the mice were given a SEB dose (i.p., 25 µg/mouse) or vehicle. SEB administration increased cell recruitment to mesenteric lymph nodes and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes and SDP prevented these effects). SDP supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) or transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) compared to the SEB group. The SEB challenge increased six-fold the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); and these effects were attenuated by SDP supplementation. SEB also augmented NF-κB phosphorylation, an effect that was prevented by dietary SDP. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of SDP involve the regulation of transcription factors and adhesion molecules that reduce intestinal cell infiltration and the degree of the inflammatory response.

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

“…At the end of the experiment, mice were anaesthetized with xylazine/ketamine killed by exsanguination. Colon samples were obtained as previously described 14 . Briefly, the colon was washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and the colon mucosa was scraped and quickly frozen at −80 °C for further analysis.…”

“…In all cases, the mucosal responses to the challenges showed a common pattern characterized by activation of mucosal lymphocyte populations, increasing the Tact/Treg ratio, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, when animals were supplemented with 2%-8% SDP, these changes in the Tact/Treg ratio were prevented, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines reduced and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased [8][9][10][11][12]14,15 . This indicates that SDP can modulate the magnitude of inflammatory responses.…”

“Porcine Digestible Peptides (Pdp) in Weanling Diets Improves Gut Barrier Function, Immune Response and Nutrient Transport in Nursery Pigs” 

“…These components can interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue [50], therefore preserving the small intestinal barrier function and reducing intestinal in ammation and damage [6].…”

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

“…Spray dried plasma contains a diverse mixture of components including albumen, globulins, peptides, growth factors, and other components [18]. Research demonstrates that SDP supplementation in feed modulates the e ciency of the common immune systems, including the gastrointestinal, [24][25][26] respiratory, [27,28] and reproductive systems, [29,30] and restores homeostasis of lymphocytes Th-1 and Th-2 balance under an activated immune response initiated by various types of pathogen or environmental stress. More speci cally, pregnant mice under transport stress and fed diets with SDP maintained higher pregnancy rates compared to control mice and after only 1 day of feeding exhibited a rapid restoration of Th-1/Th-2 balance in uterine tissue compared to control mice, which had elevated pro-in ammatory cytokines for a longer duration in early pregnancy [30].…”