The Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factors in Crustaceans

Li, Shihao; Li, Fuhua

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_3

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Crustin group, the largest family of crustacean AMPs, exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria ( 32 ). Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are considered to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses ( 33 ). The present study showed that the highest expression level of several AMPs ( crustin , lysozyme , antimicrobial peptide hyastatin , and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 7 ) was found in the stage C hemolymph, indicating that the higher antimicrobial activity was found in this stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomics reveals the immune dynamics during the molting cycle of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Liu

Ni²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Molting is one of the most important biological processes of crustacean species, and a number of molecular mechanisms facilitate this complex procedure. However, the understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying crustacean molting cycle remains very limited. This study performed transcriptome sequencing in hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) during the four molting stages: post-molt (AB), inter-molt (C), pre-molt (D), and ecdysis (E). The results showed that there were 78,572 unigenes that were obtained in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of P. trituberculatus. Further analysis showed that 98 DEGs were involved in immunity response of hemolymph and hepatopancreas, and most of the DEGs participated in the process of signal transduction, pattern recognition proteins/receptors, and antioxidative enzymes system. Specifically, the key genes and pathway involved in signal transduction including the GPCR126, beta-integrin, integrin, three genes in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade (MAPKKK10, MAPKK4, and p38 MAPK), and four genes in Toll pathway (Toll-like receptor, cactus, pelle-like kinase, and NFIL3). For the pattern recognition proteins/receptors, the lowest expression level of 11 genes was found in the E stage, including C-type lectin receptor, C-type lectin domain family 6 member A and SRB3/C in the hemolymph, and hepatopancreatic lectin 4, C-type lectin, SRB, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule homolog, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule isoform, and A2M. Moreover, the expression level of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase isoform 4, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, peroxiredoxin, peroxiredoxin 6, and dual oxidase 2 in stage C or stage D significantly higher than that of stage E or stage AB. These results fill in the gap of the continuous transcriptional changes that are evident during the molting cycle of crab and further provided valuable information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of immune regulation during the molting cycle of crab.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomics reveals the immune dynamics during the molting cycle of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Liu

Ni²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a severe problem that affects public health and clinical practice. AMPs are emerging alternatives to natural product antibiotics and have been extensively studied due to their vast natural abundance and ability to kill microbes( 43, 44 ). Given the antibacterial activity of AMPs is primarily determined by their physicochemical properties but not absolutely depending on their specific amino acid sequences( 45 ), repurposing and modifying known natural AMPs may contribute to the successful development of new therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason that all strong substitution sites are lysine is attributed to the result of merging the distribution coefficients of arginine and histidine into lysine in the dataset. This process is also referred to previous publications in which the parameters were adjusted to best contribute to the antibacterial activity( 42, 44 ). It is worth noting that the proposed algorithm accurately substituted two negatively charged amino acids with positively charged amino acids, which increased the net charge without affecting the hydrophobicity, because the hydrophobicity of the input peptide LBD Mj itself is within a reasonable range and the only shortcoming of this peptide is the insufficient net charge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning-guided directed evolution for the development of small-molecule antibiotics originating from antimicrobial peptides

Zhang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are valuable alternatives to traditional antibiotics that possess a variety of potent biological activities by exerting immunomodulatory effects to clear difficult-to-treat infections. Understanding the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of AMPs can direct the synthesis of desirable therapeutics. In this study, we use machine learning-guided directed evolution to develop the lipopolysaccharide-binding domain (LBD), which acts as a functional domain of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), a family of AMPs, identified from Marsupenaeus japonicus. We report the identification of LBDA-D as an output of this algorithm with the input of the original LBDMj sequence and show the NMR solution structure of LBDB, which possesses a circular extended structure with a disulfide crosslink in each terminus and two 310-helices and exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed LBDB induced the formation of a cluster of bacteria wrapped in a flexible coating that ruptured and consequently killed the bacteria. The co-injection of LBDB and Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and another major pathogen in shrimp aquaculture white spot syndrome virus in vivo improved the survival of M. japonicus, indicating a promising therapeutic role of LBDB for infectious disease. The findings of this study pave the way for the rational drug design of activity-enhanced peptide antibiotics.

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“…Notably, representative genes involved in innate immune were found to be positively selected in warmand cold-tolerant O. oratoria. Enzymes encoded by these genes include LTL that functions as pattern recognition receptors in shrimp immunity (Xu et al, 2014), FREP2 which is also known as fibrinogen-like domain immunolectins and plays a role in defense and protection against infection (Hanington and Zhang, 2011), PPAF involving in the prophenoloxidase activation pathway of innate immune system in invertebrates (Wang et al, 2015), and ALF which is a type of antimicrobial peptides with a vital role in crustacean antimicrobial defense (Li and Li, 2020). Previous common-garden experiments also suggested that differentially expressed genes after heat treatment in O. oratoria were enriched in pathways associated with immune (Lou et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Environmental Heterogeneity Driving Adaptive Divergence In O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into adaptive divergence of Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria inferred from comparative analysis of full-length transcriptomes

et al. 2022

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The heterogeneous seascapes in the northwestern Pacific (NWP) can be important selective forces driving adaptive divergence of marine coastal species distributed along the gradients. Here, we tested this hypothesis in Japanese mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) with a wide distribution in the NWP and a significant north-south population structure. To this end, the full-length (FL) transcriptomes of northern and southern O. oratoria were firstly sequenced using PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology. Based on the FL transcriptome data, we captured large-scale FL transcripts of O. oratoria and predicted the FL transcriptome structure, including coding region, transcription factor and long noncoding RNA. To reveal the divergence between northern and southern O. oratoria, we identified 2,182 pairs of orthologous genes and inferred their sequence divergences. The average differences in coding, 5’ untranslated and 3’ untranslated region were 1.44%, 2.79% and 1.46%, respectively, providing additional support to previous proposition that northern and southern O. oratoria are two species. We provided further evolutionary context to our analysis by identifying positive selected genes (PSGs) between northern and southern O. oratoria. In total, 98 orthologs were found evolving under positive selection and involved several environmentally responsive genes associated with stress response, immunity and cytoskeletal organization, etc. Furthermore, we found PSGs also diverged in gene expression response of northern and southern O. oratoria to heat stress. These findings not only highlight the importance of genetic variation in these genes in adapting to environmental changes in O. oratoria, but also suggest that natural selection may act on the plasticity of gene expression to facilitate O. oratoria adaptation to environmental gradients. Overall, our work contributes to understanding how marine coastal species has evolved to adapt to heterogeneous seascapes in the NWP.

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The Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factors in Crustaceans

Cited by 22 publications

References 69 publications

Comparative transcriptomics reveals the immune dynamics during the molting cycle of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Comparative transcriptomics reveals the immune dynamics during the molting cycle of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Machine learning-guided directed evolution for the development of small-molecule antibiotics originating from antimicrobial peptides

Insights into adaptive divergence of Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria inferred from comparative analysis of full-length transcriptomes

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