The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts ofAesculus hippocastanumL. (horse chestnut) bark against bacteria isolated from urine of patients diagnosed positive to urinary tract infections

“…This residue cloudiness could therefore explain the higher mass yield in AE (24,3%) compared to EE (13,4%). Several authors [17,18,24,25] reported observations similar to our findings while others [26,27] found opposite results. Therefore, as…”

Exploring the Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Potentials of Balanite Aegyptiaca: A Review

“…Callus cultivation presents a promising avenue for in vitro production of natural bioactive chemicals, providing an opportunity to harness and exploit plant-derived compounds for various therapeutic applications. [26] The alcoholic extract from the fruit of Balanites aegyptiaca demonstrated potent antifungal efficacy against a range of Candida species and opportunistic fungi. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the alcoholic extract varied from 3.05 to 24.0 g/ml for Candida species and 1.53 to 49.0 g/ml for opportunistic fungi.…”

Effects of livestock browsing and illegal harvesting on natural regeneration and ecology of balanites aegyptiaca in dinder biosphere reserve, Sudan

“…Besides that also, Abdelaziz et al derivatives from its bark proved their potentials to cure yellow fever, as well as jaundice and syphilis (Hassan et al, 2016;Joel, 2018;Tesfaye, 2015). While some studies have reported and proved the uses of aqueous leaf and fruit extracts of B. aegyptiaca as an antifungal (Abdallah et al, 2012;Khatoon et al, 2013;Sawadogo et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2017), others illustrated their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potentiality (Ezemokwe et al, 2020;Khamis et al, 2020;Murthy et al, 2021;Tula et al, 2014).…”