The Antibacterial Effect, Biocompatibility, and Osteogenesis of Vancomycin-Nanodiamond Composite Scaffold for Infected Bone Defects

Abstract

Purpose The repair and treatment of infected bone defects (IBD) is a common challenge faced by orthopedic clinics, medical materials science, and tissue engineering. Methods Based on the treatment requirements of IBD, we utilized multidisciplinary knowledge from clinical medicine, medical materials science, and tissue engineering to construct a high-efficiency vancomycin sustained-release system with nanodiamond (ND) and prepare a composite scaffold. Its effect on IBD treatment was assessed from materials, cytology, bacteriology, and zoology perspectives. Results The results demonstrated that the Van-ND-45S5 scaffold exhibited an excellent antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, and osteogenesis in vitro. Moreover, an efficient animal model of IBD was established, and a Van-ND-45S5 scaffold was implanted into the IBD. Radiographic and histological analyses and bone repair-related protein expression, confirmed that the Van-ND-45S5 scaffold had good biocompatibility and osteogenic and anti-infective activities in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, our findings support that the Van-ND-45S5 scaffold is a promising new material and approach for treating IBD with good antibacterial effects, biocompatibility, and osteogenesis.

Enhanced Osteogenic Activity and Antibacterial Properties of Graphene Oxide-Poly(Lactic Acid) Films for the Repair of Cranial Defects in Rats

“…The three-dimensional structure formed by biomaterial scaffolds provides an optimal environment for cellular nutrition uptake as well as growth and metabolism. Consequently, researchers on bone scaffolds possessing both anti-infection properties and bone repair characteristics have witnessed remarkable progress in recent years [6][7][8].…”

Progress in microsphere-based scaffolds in bone/cartilage tissue engineering

“…hydrogels presented outstanding advantages in facilitating the redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes [22]. Another group utilized gelatin microspheres (240 ± 32.25 µm in diameter) to fabricate vancomycin-loaded nanodiamond/45S5 bioactive glass scaffolds [48]. The degradation of gelatin microspheres resulted in appropriate porosity and pore size for composite scaffolds, which have been demonstrated to facilitate cell proliferation and tissue regeneration by both in vitro and in vivo experiments.…”